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C#中使用命名管道进行进程通信的实例

1 新建解决方案NamedPipeExample

在解决方案下面新建两个项目：Client和Server，两者的输出类型均为“Windows 应用程序”。整个程序的结构如下图所示。

2 实现项目Client

Client仅包含一个名为“客户端”的窗体，如下图所示。

编写窗体后端代码，如下所示。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Pipes;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Windows.Forms;
  
namespace Client
{
    public partial class frmClient : Form
    {
        NamedPipeClientStream pipeClient =
            new NamedPipeClientStream("localhost", "testpipe", PipeDirection.InOut, PipeOptions.Asynchronous, TokenImpersonationLevel.None);
        StreamWriter sw = null;
  
        public frmClient()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
  
        private void frmClient_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                pipeClient.Connect(5000);
                sw = new StreamWriter(pipeClient);
                sw.AutoFlush = true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("连接建立失败，请确保服务端程序已经被打开。");
                this.Close();
            }
        }
  
        private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (sw != null)
            {
                sw.WriteLine(this.txtMessage.Text);
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("未建立连接，不能发送消息。");
            }
        }
    }
}

3 实现项目Server

Server项目仅包含一个名为“服务端”的窗体，如下图所示。

编写窗体后端代码，如下所示。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Pipes;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
  
namespace Server
{
    public partial class frmServer : Form
    {
        NamedPipeServerStream pipeServer =
            new NamedPipeServerStream("testpipe", PipeDirection.InOut,1,PipeTransmissionMode.Message,PipeOptions.Asynchronous);
        public frmServer()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
  
        private void frmServer_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate
            {
                pipeServer.BeginWaitForConnection((o) => 
                {
                    NamedPipeServerStream pServer = (NamedPipeServerStream)o.AsyncState;
                    pServer.EndWaitForConnection(o);
                    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(pServer);
                    while (true)
                    {
                        this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate { lsvMessage.Items.Add(sr.ReadLine()); });
                    }
                }, pipeServer);
            });
        }
    }
}

4 运行程序

运行Server.exe与Client.exe程序，效果如下图所示。

实例中共发送三次消息，分别传递数据1,2,3。

本例中演示的客户端和服务端程序均位于本地机器，使用命名管道可以与网络上的其他进程进行通信。

5、若要重复连接服务端，改造如下

void ccc()
     {
         try { 
         pipeServer = new NamedPipeServerStream("testPipe", PipeDirection.InOut, 1, PipeTransmissionMode.Message, PipeOptions.Asynchronous);
         ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate
         {
             pipeServer.BeginWaitForConnection((o) =>
             {
                 NamedPipeServerStream pServer = (NamedPipeServerStream)o.AsyncState;
                 pServer.EndWaitForConnection(o);
                 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(pServer);
                 string s = sr.ReadLine();
                 pServer.Dispose();
                 pipeServer.Dispose();
                 if (s != null)
                 {
                     this.Dispatcher.Invoke((System.Windows.Forms.MethodInvoker)delegate
                     {
                         if (this.Visibility != Visibility.Hidden) return;
                         this.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Visible;
                         this.ShowInTaskbar = true;
                         this.Activate();
                         ccc();
                     });
                 }
             }, pipeServer);
         });
         }
         catch { }
     }