DNS测试工具

通过host命令测试

指定dns服务器

例如：dns服务器是192.168.3.102

$ host www.baidu.com 192.168.3.102

Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.3.102
Address: 192.168.3.102#53
Aliases: 

www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com has address 14.119.104.189
www.a.shifen.com has address 14.119.104.254

指定dns服务器的端口

host -p 5300 www.baidu.com 192.168.140.71
Using domain server:
Name: 192.168.140.71
Address: 192.168.140.71#5300
Aliases: 

www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com has address 183.2.172.185
www.a.shifen.com has address 183.2.172.42
www.a.shifen.com has IPv6 address 240e:ff:e020:9ae:0:ff:b014:8e8b
www.a.shifen.com has IPv6 address 240e:ff:e020:966:0:ff:b042:f296

扩展命令

$ host [-t type] name [SERVER]
$ host –t NS abcd.com 172.16.0.1
$ host –t soa abcd.com
$ host –t mx abcd.com
$ host –t axfr abcd.com
$ host 1.2.3.4

通过dig命令测试

$ dig www.baidu.com @192.168.3.102


; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> www.baidu.com @192.168.3.102
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64530
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 10

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com.		1048	IN	CNAME	www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com.	149	IN	A	14.119.104.189
www.a.shifen.com.	149	IN	A	14.119.104.254

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
a.shifen.com.		1049	IN	NS	ns4.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com.		1049	IN	NS	ns2.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com.		1049	IN	NS	ns3.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com.		1049	IN	NS	ns1.a.shifen.com.
a.shifen.com.		1049	IN	NS	ns5.a.shifen.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns5.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	180.76.76.95
ns1.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	110.242.68.42
ns2.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	220.181.33.32
ns3.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	36.152.45.198
ns3.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	112.80.255.253
ns4.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	111.20.4.28
ns4.a.shifen.com.	1049	IN	A	14.215.177.229
ns5.a.shifen.com.	449	IN	AAAA	240e:bf:b801:1006:0:ff:b04f:346b
ns5.a.shifen.com.	449	IN	AAAA	240e:940:603:a:0:ff:b08d:239d

;; Query time: 4 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.3.102#53(192.168.3.102)
;; WHEN: 五 4月 07 09:24:11 CST 2023
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 359

$ dig www.baidu.com @dns22.hichina.com.

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> www.baidu.com @dns22.hichina.com.
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 48083
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.			IN	A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
baidu.com.		600	IN	SOA	ns1.alidns.com. hostmaster.hichina.com. 2022052002 3600 1200 86400 600

;; Query time: 45 msec
;; SERVER: 39.96.153.61#53(39.96.153.61)
;; WHEN: 五 4月 07 09:26:31 CST 2023
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 114

指定dns服务器端口

有些dns服务器的端口并不是标准端口
所以可以使用 -p 携带服务器端口

dig www.baidu.com @192.168.140.71 -p 5300

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.22.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> www.baidu.com @192.168.140.71 -p 5300
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 46235
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
; COOKIE: 52a0d2bae14e868d0100000066a0b642622f941aa413b6c2 (good)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com.		1200	IN	CNAME	www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com.	120	IN	A	183.2.172.42
www.a.shifen.com.	120	IN	A	183.2.172.185

;; Query time: 1292 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.140.71#5300(192.168.140.71) (UDP)
;; WHEN: 六 4月 08 15:41:16 CST 2023
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 132

使用EDNS0 Client Subnet功能 解析不同运营商的ip

大一点的服务都会用到CND进行高效的分发数据，这个时候，就会出现，同一个域名，在不同的运营商网络环境，在不同的地方所解析的ip地址是不同的

那如果我们希望能够主动的解析到其他地域的其他运营商的线路

就可以加上 +subnet

subnet跟一个你希望解析地域的指定运营商的任意ip地址或网段

例如 这是北京联通的ip地址 202.106.196.111

我们希望解析域名www.baidu.com的北京联通线路的ip

dig www.baidu.com @192.168.140.71 +subnet=202.106.196.111

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.22.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> www.baidu.com @192.168.140.71 +subnet=202.106.196.111
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2539
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
; CLIENT-SUBNET: 202.106.196.111/32/18
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com.		269	IN	CNAME	www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com.	300	IN	A	110.242.68.3
www.a.shifen.com.	300	IN	A	110.242.68.4

;; Query time: 84 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.140.71#53(192.168.140.71) (UDP)
;; WHEN: 五 4月 07 09:26:31 CST 2023
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 113

需要注意的是，不是所有dns服务器都支持EDNS0 Client Subnet功能

补充

抓取dns服务器上相关域名的所有解析
格式：dig -t axfr 域名

$ dig -t axfr hxg.com 

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.9 <<>> -t axfr hxg.com
;; global options: +cmd
hxg.com.		86400	IN	SOA	master.hxg.com. hexuguang_94.163.com. 0 86400 3600 604800 10800
hxg.com.		86400	IN	NS	master.hxg.com.
*.hxg.com.		86400	IN	CNAME	a.hxg.com.
a.hxg.com.		86400	IN	A	10.0.0.11
a.hxg.com.		86400	IN	A	10.0.0.12
master.hxg.com.		86400	IN	A	10.0.0.11
www.hxg.com.		86400	IN	CNAME	a.hxg.com.
hxg.com.		86400	IN	SOA	master.hxg.com. hexuguang_94.163.com. 0 86400 3600 604800 10800
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.0.11#53(10.0.0.11)
;; WHEN: 六 4月 08 15:41:16 CST 2023
;; XFR size: 8 records (messages 1, bytes 230)

通过nslookup

交互模式访问

使用方式

nslookup>
server IP: 指明使用哪个DNS server进行查询
set q=RR_TYPE: 指明查询的资源记录类型
NAME: 要查询的名称

例子

$ nslookup 

#手动指定dns服务器地址
> server 192.168.3.102
Default server: 192.168.3.102
Address: 192.168.3.102#53
#输入需要解析的地址
> www.baidu.com
Server:		192.168.3.102
Address:	192.168.3.102#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 14.215.177.38
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 14.215.177.39
>

命令模式

命令格式nslookup [-option] [name | -] [server]

例子

$ nslookup www.baidu.com 192.168.140.3
#格式  nslookup  待解析域名  dns服务器地址
Server:		192.168.140.3
Address:	192.168.140.3#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 14.119.104.189
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 14.119.104.254