- 声明异常
throw: 关键字,用于抛出一个指定的异常对象
必须写在方法内部
、必须是Exception或Exception的子类对象
throws: 用于方法声明上,表示当前方法不处理该异常,提醒调用者处理异常
方法内部抛出编译器异常
/**
* <h1>方式一: 声明异常</h1>
* throw, throws
* */
public class DeclareException {
/**
* <h2>使用 throw 关键字抛出运行时异常</h2>
* */
private static boolean validate01(String name) {
if (null == name) {
throw new NullPointerException("name is null...");
}
return "qinyi".equals(name);
}
/**
* <h2>编译期异常, 必须处理这个异常, 或者是由 throws 继续抛出给上层调用者处理</h2>
* */
private static void validate02(String name) throws EOFException,
FileNotFoundException {
if (null == name) {
throw new EOFException("name is null...");
}
if (!"qinyi".equals(name)) {
throw new FileNotFoundException("name is not qinyi...");
}
}
}
- 捕获异常
三个关键字:try
、catch
、finally
try:该代码块内编写可能产生异常的代码
catch:用于进行某种异常的捕获并处理
finaly: 不管代码出现异常与否,都会对该代码块执行
/**
* <h1>方式2: 捕获异常</h1>
* try...catch...finally
* */
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class CatchException {
/**
* <h2>validate01 抛出单个异常</h2>
* */
private static boolean validate01(String name) {
if (null == name) {
throw new NullPointerException("name is null...");
}
return "qinyi".equals(name);
}
/**
* <h2>validate02 抛出多个异常</h2>
* */
private static boolean validate02(String name) {
if (null == name) {
throw new NullPointerException("name is null...");
}
if ("".equals(name)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("name is blank...");
}
if (!"qinyi".equals(name)) {
throw new RuntimeException("name is not qinyi...");
}
return true;
}
/**
* <h2>打开并关闭 Stream</h2>
* */
private static void openAndCloseStream() {
Stream<Path> pathStream = null;
try {
pathStream = Files.list(Paths.get("/tmp"));
List<Path> paths = pathStream.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(paths.size());
// ....
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != pathStream) {
pathStream.close();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. 捕获单个异常
try {
validate01(null);
} catch (Throwable th) {
System.out.println(th.getMessage());
th.printStackTrace();
}
// 2.1 捕获多个异常 -- 第一种方法, 多一个异常一次捕获多次处理
try {
validate02("");
} catch (NullPointerException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
}
// 2.2 捕获多个异常 -- 第二种方式, 一个 try, 一个 catch
try {
validate02("");
} catch (NullPointerException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
}
// 2.3 捕获多个异常 -- 第三种方式, 定义一个范围更大的父类异常对象
try {
validate02("");
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}