Bootstrap学习笔记(四)-----Bootstrap每天必学之表单
本文主要讲解的是表单,这个其实对于做过网站的人来说,并不陌生,而且可以说是最为常用的提交数据的Form表单。本文主要来讲解一下内容:
1.基本案例
2.内联表单
3.水平排列的表单
4.被支持的控件
5.静态控件
6.控件状态
7.控件尺寸
8.帮助文本
基本案例
单独的表单控件会被自动赋予一些全局样式。所有设置了.form-control的<input>、<textarea>和<select>元素都将被默认设置为width: 100%;。将label和前面提到的这些控件包裹在.form-group中可以获得最好的排列。
form
role
=
"form"
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"exampleInputEmail1"
>Email address</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"email"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"exampleInputEmail1"
placeholder
=
"Enter email"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"exampleInputPassword1"
>Password</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"password"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"exampleInputPassword1"
placeholder
=
"Password"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"exampleInputFile"
>File input</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"file"
id
=
"exampleInputFile"
>
<
p
class
=
"help-block"
>Example block-level help text here.</
p
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"checkbox"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
> Check me out
</
label
>
</
div
>
<
button
type
=
"submit"
class
=
"btn btn-default"
>Submit</
button
>
</
form
>
内联表单
为左对齐和inline-block级别的控件设置.form-inline,可以将其排布的更紧凑。
需要设置宽度:在Bootstrap中,input、select和textarea默认被设置为100%宽度。为了使用内联表单,你需要专门为使用到的表单控件设置宽度。
一定要设置label:如果你没有为每个输入控件设置label,屏幕阅读器将无法正确识读。对于这些内联表单,你可以通过为label设置.sr-only已将其隐藏。
<
form
class
=
"form-inline"
role
=
"form"
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
class
=
"sr-only"
for
=
"exampleInputEmail2"
>Email address</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"email"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"exampleInputEmail2"
placeholder
=
"Enter email"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
class
=
"sr-only"
for
=
"exampleInputPassword2"
>Password</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"password"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"exampleInputPassword2"
placeholder
=
"Password"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"checkbox"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
> Remember me
</
label
>
</
div
>
<
button
type
=
"submit"
class
=
"btn btn-default"
>Sign in</
button
>
</
form
>
通过为表单添加.form-horizontal,并使用Bootstrap预置的栅格class可以将label和控件组水平并排布局。这样做将改变.form-group的行为,使其表现为栅格系统中的行(row),因此就无需再使用.row了。
<
form
class
=
"form-horizontal"
role
=
"form"
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"inputEmail3"
class
=
"col-sm-2 control-label"
>Email</
label
>
<
div
class
=
"col-sm-10"
>
<
input
type
=
"email"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"inputEmail3"
placeholder
=
"Email"
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"inputPassword3"
class
=
"col-sm-2 control-label"
>Password</
label
>
<
div
class
=
"col-sm-10"
>
<
input
type
=
"password"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"inputPassword3"
placeholder
=
"Password"
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
div
class
=
"col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"
>
<
div
class
=
"checkbox"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
> Remember me
</
label
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
div
class
=
"col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"
>
<
button
type
=
"submit"
class
=
"btn btn-default"
>Sign in</
button
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
form
>
在表单布局案例中展示了其所支持的标准表单控件。
Input
大部分表单控件、文本输入域控件。包括HTML5支持的所有类型:text、password、datetime、datetime-local、date、month、time、week、number、email、url、search、tel和color。
注意:有正确设置了type的input控件才能被赋予正确的样式。
文本框示例
支持多行文本的表单控件。可根据需要改变rows属性。
<
h1
>textarea</
h1
>
<
textarea
class
=
"form-control"
rows
=
"3"
></
textarea
>
Checkbox用于选择列表中的一个或多个选项,而radio用于从多个选项中只选择一个。默认外观(堆叠在一起)
<
div
class
=
"checkbox"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
value
=
""
>
sure to include why it's great
</
label
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"radio"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"radio"
name
=
"optionsRadios"
id
=
"optionsRadios1"
value
=
"option1"
checked>
include why it's great
</
label
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"radio"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"radio"
name
=
"optionsRadios"
id
=
"optionsRadios2"
value
=
"option2"
>
and selecting it will deselect option one
</
label
>
</
div
>
Inline checkboxes
通过将.checkbox-inline 或 .radio-inline应用到一系列的checkbox或radio控件上,可以使这些控件排列在一行。
<
label
class
=
"checkbox-inline"
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
id
=
"inlineCheckbox1"
value
=
"option1"
> 1
</
label
>
<
label
class
=
"checkbox-inline"
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
id
=
"inlineCheckbox2"
value
=
"option2"
> 2
</
label
>
<
label
class
=
"checkbox-inline"
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
id
=
"inlineCheckbox3"
value
=
"option3"
> 3
</
label
>
<
select
class
=
"form-control"
>
<
option
>1</
option
>
<
option
>2</
option
>
<
option
>3</
option
>
<
option
>4</
option
>
<
option
>5</
option
>
</
select
>
<
select
multiple
class
=
"form-control"
>
<
option
>1</
option
>
<
option
>2</
option
>
<
option
>3</
option
>
<
option
>4</
option
>
<
option
>5</
option
>
</
select
>
在水平布局的表单中,如果需要将一行纯文本放置于label的同一行,为<p>元素添加.form-control-static即可。
<
form
class
=
"form-horizontal"
role
=
"form"
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
class
=
"col-sm-2 control-label"
>Email</
label
>
<
div
class
=
"col-sm-10"
>
<
p
class
=
"form-control-static"
>email@example.com</
p
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"inputPassword"
class
=
"col-sm-2 control-label"
>Password</
label
>
<
div
class
=
"col-sm-10"
>
<
input
type
=
"password"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"inputPassword"
placeholder
=
"Password"
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
form
>
通过为控件和label设置一些基本状态,可以为用户提供回馈。
输入焦点
我们移除了某些表单控件的默认outline样式,并对其:focus状态赋予了box-shadow样式。
为输入框设置disabled属性可以防止用户输入,并能改变一点外观,使其更直观。
被禁用的fieldset
为<fieldset>设置disabled属性可以禁用<fieldset>中包含的所有控件。<a>标签的链接功能不受影响
这个class只改变<a class="btn btn-default">按钮的外观,并不能禁用其功能。建议自己通过JavaScript代码禁用链接功能。
跨浏览器兼容性
虽然Bootstrap会将这些样式应用到所有浏览器上,Internet Explorer 9及以下浏览器中的<fieldset>并不支持disabled属性。因此建议在这些浏览器上通过JavaScript代码来禁用fieldset
<
form
role
=
"form"
>
<
fieldset
disabled>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"disabledTextInput"
>Disabled input</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
id
=
"disabledTextInput"
class
=
"form-control"
placeholder
=
"Disabled input"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group"
>
<
label
for
=
"disabledSelect"
>Disabled select menu</
label
>
<
select
id
=
"disabledSelect"
class
=
"form-control"
>
<
option
>Disabled select</
option
>
</
select
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"checkbox"
>
<
label
>
<
input
type
=
"checkbox"
> Can't check this
</
label
>
</
div
>
<
button
type
=
"submit"
class
=
"btn btn-primary"
>Submit</
button
>
</
fieldset
>
</
form
>
校验状态
Bootstrap对表单控件的校验状态,如error、warning和success状态,都定义了样式。使用时,添加.has-warning、.has-error或.has-success到这些控件的父元素即可。任何包含在此元素之内的.control-label、.form-control和.help-block都将接受这些校验状态的样式。
<
div
class
=
"form-group has-success"
>
<
label
class
=
"control-label"
for
=
"inputSuccess"
>Input with success</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"inputSuccess"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group has-warning"
>
<
label
class
=
"control-label"
for
=
"inputWarning"
>Input with warning</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"inputWarning"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"form-group has-error"
>
<
label
class
=
"control-label"
for
=
"inputError"
>Input with error</
label
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
class
=
"form-control"
id
=
"inputError"
>
</
div
>
通过.input-lg之类的class可以为控件设置高度,通过.col-lg-*之类的class可以为控件设置宽度。
高度尺寸
创建大一些或小一些的表单控件以匹配按钮尺寸。
<
input
class
=
"form-control input-lg"
type
=
"text"
placeholder
=
".input-lg"
>
<
input
class
=
"form-control"
type
=
"text"
placeholder
=
"Default input"
>
<
input
class
=
"form-control input-sm"
type
=
"text"
placeholder
=
".input-sm"
>
<
select
class
=
"form-control input-lg"
>...</
select
>
<
select
class
=
"form-control"
>...</
select
>
<
select
class
=
"form-control input-sm"
>...</
select
>
调整列尺寸
用栅格系统中的列包裹input或其任何父元素,都可很容易的为其设置宽度。
<
div
class
=
"row"
>
<
div
class
=
"col-xs-2"
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
class
=
"form-control"
placeholder
=
".col-xs-2"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"col-xs-3"
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
class
=
"form-control"
placeholder
=
".col-xs-3"
>
</
div
>
<
div
class
=
"col-xs-4"
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
class
=
"form-control"
placeholder
=
".col-xs-4"
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
用于表单控件的块级帮助文本。