Java笔记7:最简单的网络请求Demo
一、服务器端
1 新建一个工程,建立一个名为MyRequest的工程。
2 FileàProject StructureàModulesà点击最右侧的“+”àLibraryàJava
找到Tomcat中的lib目录下的servlet-api.jar,添加进来
3 建立LoginServlet类,内容如下
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- public LoginServlet() {
- super();
- }
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doPost(request, response);
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String username = request.getParameter("username");
- String blog = request.getParameter("blog");
- System.out.println(username);
- System.out.println(blog);
- response.setContentType("text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
- response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- response.getWriter().write("It is ok!");
- }
- }
4 编译LoginServlet.java,得到LoginServlet.class
5 在Tomcat中的webapps中添加MyHttpServer\WEB-INF\classes,并把上一步生成的LoginServlet.class拷进来
6 在WEB-INF目录下建立web.xml文件,内容如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
- <display-name>OneHttpServer</display-name>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>LoginServlet</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <servlet>
- <description></description>
- <display-name>LoginServlet</display-name>
- <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>LoginServlet</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
7 执行Tomcat下的bin目录下的startup.bat来启动Tomcat
8 在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/MyHttpServer,若见到页面显示“It is ok!”则表示服务器端配置成功。
二、客户端
1 Get请求
在MyRequest工程新建HttpGetRequest类,内容如下:
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.net.URLConnection;
- public class HttpGetRequest {
- /**
- * Main
- * @param args
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- System.out.println(doGet());
- }
- /**
- * Get Request
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String doGet() throws Exception {
- URL localURL = new URL("http://localhost:8080/MyHttpServer/");
- URLConnection connection = localURL.openConnection();
- HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
- InputStream inputStream = null;
- InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- String tempLine = null;
- if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
- throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
- }
- try {
- inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
- inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
- reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
- while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
- }
- } finally {
- if (reader != null) {
- reader.close();
- }
- if (inputStreamReader != null) {
- inputStreamReader.close();
- }
- if (inputStream != null) {
- inputStream.close();
- }
- }
- return resultBuffer.toString();
- }
- }
运行结果:
It is ok!
2 Post请求
新建HttpPostRequest.java类,内容如下:
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.net.URLConnection;
- public class HttpPostRequest {
- /**
- * Main
- * @param args
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- System.out.println(doPost());
- }
- /**
- * Post Request
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String doPost() throws Exception {
- String parameterData = "username=nickhuang&blog=http://www.cnblogs.com/nick-huang/";
- URL localURL = new URL("http://localhost:8080/MyHttpServer/");
- URLConnection connection = localURL.openConnection();
- HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
- httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
- httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(parameterData.length()));
- OutputStream outputStream = null;
- OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;
- InputStream inputStream = null;
- InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- String tempLine = null;
- try {
- outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
- outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
- outputStreamWriter.write(parameterData.toString());
- outputStreamWriter.flush();
- if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
- throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
- }
- inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
- inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
- reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
- while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
- }
- } finally {
- if (outputStreamWriter != null) {
- outputStreamWriter.close();
- }
- if (outputStream != null) {
- outputStream.close();
- }
- if (reader != null) {
- reader.close();
- }
- if (inputStreamReader != null) {
- inputStreamReader.close();
- }
- if (inputStream != null) {
- inputStream.close();
- }
- }
- return resultBuffer.toString();
- }
- }
运行结果:
It is ok!
3 对Get和Post进行封装
封装类:
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.net.Proxy;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.net.URLConnection;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.Map;
- public class HttpRequestor {
- private String charset = "utf-8";
- private Integer connectTimeout = null;
- private Integer socketTimeout = null;
- private String proxyHost = null;
- private Integer proxyPort = null;
- /**
- * Do GET request
- * @param url
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- * @throws IOException
- */
- public String doGet(String url) throws Exception {
- URL localURL = new URL(url);
- URLConnection connection = openConnection(localURL);
- HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", charset);
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
- InputStream inputStream = null;
- InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- String tempLine = null;
- if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
- throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
- }
- try {
- inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
- inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
- reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
- while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
- }
- } finally {
- if (reader != null) {
- reader.close();
- }
- if (inputStreamReader != null) {
- inputStreamReader.close();
- }
- if (inputStream != null) {
- inputStream.close();
- }
- }
- return resultBuffer.toString();
- }
- /**
- * Do POST request
- * @param url
- * @param parameterMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public String doPost(String url, Map parameterMap) throws Exception {
- /* Translate parameter map to parameter date string */
- StringBuffer parameterBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- if (parameterMap != null) {
- Iterator iterator = parameterMap.keySet().iterator();
- String key = null;
- String value = null;
- while (iterator.hasNext()) {
- key = (String)iterator.next();
- if (parameterMap.get(key) != null) {
- value = (String)parameterMap.get(key);
- } else {
- value = "";
- }
- parameterBuffer.append(key).append("=").append(value);
- if (iterator.hasNext()) {
- parameterBuffer.append("&");
- }
- }
- }
- System.out.println("POST parameter : " + parameterBuffer.toString());
- URL localURL = new URL(url);
- URLConnection connection = openConnection(localURL);
- HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
- httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
- httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", charset);
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
- httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(parameterBuffer.length()));
- OutputStream outputStream = null;
- OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;
- InputStream inputStream = null;
- InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- String tempLine = null;
- try {
- outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
- outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
- outputStreamWriter.write(parameterBuffer.toString());
- outputStreamWriter.flush();
- if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
- throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
- }
- inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
- inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
- reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
- while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
- }
- } finally {
- if (outputStreamWriter != null) {
- outputStreamWriter.close();
- }
- if (outputStream != null) {
- outputStream.close();
- }
- if (reader != null) {
- reader.close();
- }
- if (inputStreamReader != null) {
- inputStreamReader.close();
- }
- if (inputStream != null) {
- inputStream.close();
- }
- }
- return resultBuffer.toString();
- }
- private URLConnection openConnection(URL localURL) throws IOException {
- URLConnection connection;
- if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
- Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
- connection = localURL.openConnection(proxy);
- } else {
- connection = localURL.openConnection();
- }
- return connection;
- }
- /**
- * Render request according setting
- * @param request
- */
- private void renderRequest(URLConnection connection) {
- if (connectTimeout != null) {
- connection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
- }
- if (socketTimeout != null) {
- connection.setReadTimeout(socketTimeout);
- }
- }
- /*
- * Getter & Setter
- */
- public Integer getConnectTimeout() {
- return connectTimeout;
- }
- public void setConnectTimeout(Integer connectTimeout) {
- this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
- }
- public Integer getSocketTimeout() {
- return socketTimeout;
- }
- public void setSocketTimeout(Integer socketTimeout) {
- this.socketTimeout = socketTimeout;
- }
- public String getProxyHost() {
- return proxyHost;
- }
- public void setProxyHost(String proxyHost) {
- this.proxyHost = proxyHost;
- }
- public Integer getProxyPort() {
- return proxyPort;
- }
- public void setProxyPort(Integer proxyPort) {
- this.proxyPort = proxyPort;
- }
- public String getCharset() {
- return charset;
- }
- public void setCharset(String charset) {
- this.charset = charset;
- }
- }
客户端测试代码:
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- public class Call {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- /* Post Request */
- Map dataMap = new HashMap();
- dataMap.put("username", "Zheng");
- dataMap.put("blog", "IT");
- System.out.println(new HttpRequestor().doPost("http://localhost:8080/MyHttpServer/", dataMap));
- /* Get Request */
- System.out.println(new HttpRequestor().doGet("http://localhost:8080/MyHttpServer/"));
- }
- }
运行结果:
POST parameter : blog=IT&username=Zheng
It is ok!
It is ok!
学习时的痛苦是暂时的 未学到的痛苦是终生的