Scrapy爬虫(六)：多个爬虫组合实例
Scrapy爬虫(六)：多个爬虫组合实例
本章将实现多个爬虫共同工作的实例。
需求分析
我们现在有这么个需求，既要爬取音乐详情又要爬取乐评，既要爬取电影详情又要爬取影评，这个要怎么搞，难道是每一个需求就要创建一个项目么，如果按这种方式，我们就要创建四个项目，分别来爬取音乐、乐评、电影、影评，显然这么做的话，代码不仅有很多重合的部分，而且还不容易维护爬虫。
其实是可以将多个爬虫组合在一个项目中的，不信你看项目的spiders目录，这个目录本身就是个复数，相信你也可以看出一些端倪。
抓取爬虫从豆瓣音乐、豆瓣电影的tag页，作为起始页开始爬取。
spider规则分析确定
豆瓣音乐、乐评
name = 'music'
allowed_domains = ['music.douban.com']
start_urls = ['https://music.douban.com/tag/',
'https://music.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud'
]
rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))\?start=\d+\&type=T$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time\&start=\d+$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/$"), callback="parse_music", follow=True),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
)豆瓣电影、影评
name = 'video'
allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/tag/',
'https://movie.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud'
]
rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))\?start=\d+\&type=T$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?start=\d+$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/$"), callback="parse_video", follow=True),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
)创建项目
使用命令scrapy startproject multi
MACBOOK:~ yancey$ scrapy startproject multi
New Scrapy project 'multi', using template directory '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/scrapy/templates/project', created in:
/Users/yancey/multi
You can start your first spider with:
cd multi
scrapy genspider example example.com使用pycharm打开multi项目，目录结构如下：
重写items.py，可以打开豆瓣的音乐、乐评、电影、影评，有这些元素。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
from scrapy import Item, Field
# 音乐
class MusicItem(Item):
music_name = Field()
music_alias = Field()
music_singer = Field()
music_time = Field()
music_rating = Field()
music_votes = Field()
music_tags = Field()
music_url = Field()
# 乐评
class MusicReviewItem(Item):
review_title = Field()
review_content = Field()
review_author = Field()
review_music = Field()
review_time = Field()
review_url = Field()
# 电影
class VideoItem(Item):
video_name = Field()
video_alias = Field()
video_actor = Field()
video_year = Field()
video_time = Field()
video_rating = Field()
video_votes = Field()
video_tags = Field()
video_url = Field()
video_director = Field()
video_type = Field()
video_bigtype = Field()
video_area = Field()
video_language = Field()
video_length = Field()
video_writer = Field()
video_desc = Field()
video_episodes = Field()
# 影评
class VideoReviewItem(Item):
review_title = Field()
review_content = Field()
review_author = Field()
review_video = Field()
review_time = Field()
review_url = Field()新建两个spider分别为musicspider.py、videospider.py
# coding:utf-8
from scrapy.spider import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from multi.items import VideoItem, VideoReviewItem
from scrapy import log
import re
AREA = re.compile(r"制片国家/地区:</span> (.+?)<br>")
ALIAS = re.compile(r"又名:</span> (.+?)<br>")
LANGUAGE = re.compile(r"语言:</span> (.+?)<br>")
EPISODES = re.compile(r"集数:</span> (.+?)<br>")
LENGTH = re.compile(r"单集片长:</span> (.+?)<br>")
class VideoSpider(CrawlSpider):
name = 'video'
allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/tag/',
'https://movie.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud'
]
rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))\?start=\d+\&type=T$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?start=\d+$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/$"), callback="parse_video", follow=True),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
)
def parse_video(self, response):
item = VideoItem()
try:
item["video_url"] = response.url
item["video_name"] = ''.join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[@property="v:itemreviewed"]/text()').extract())
try:
item["video_year"] = ''.join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[@class="year"]/text()').extract()).replace(
"(", "").replace(")", "")
except Exception as e:
print('Exception:', e)
item['video_year'] = ''
introduction = response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/span[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract()
if introduction:
item["video_desc"] = ''.join(introduction).strip().replace("\r\n", " ")
else:
item["video_desc"] = ''.join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/span/text()').extract()).strip().replace("\r\n", " ")
item["video_director"] = "|".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span/span/a[@rel="v:directedBy"]/text()').extract())
item["video_writer"] = "|".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()').extract())
item["video_actor"] = "|".join(response.xpath("//a[@rel='v:starring']/text()").extract())
item["video_type"] = "|".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:genre"]/text()').extract())
S = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id='info']").extract())
M = AREA.search(S)
if M is not None:
item["video_area"] = "|".join([area.strip() for area in M.group(1).split("/")])
else:
item['video_area'] = ''
A = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id='info']").extract())
AL = ALIAS.search(A)
if AL is not None:
item["video_alias"] = "|".join([alias.strip() for alias in AL.group(1).split("/")])
else:
item["video_alias"] = ""
video_info = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id='info']").extract())
language = LANGUAGE.search(video_info)
episodes = EPISODES.search(video_info)
length = LENGTH.search(video_info)
if language is not None:
item["video_language"] = "|".join([language.strip() for language in language.group(1).split("/")])
else:
item['video_language'] = ''
if length is not None:
item["video_length"] = "|".join([runtime.strip() for runtime in length.group(1).split("/")])
else:
item["video_length"] = "".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:runtime"]/text()').extract())
item['video_time'] = "/".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:initialReleaseDate"]/text()').extract())
if episodes is not None:
item['video_bigtype'] = "电视剧"
item["video_episodes"] = "|".join([episodes.strip() for episodes in episodes.group(1).split("/")])
else:
item['video_bigtype'] = "电影"
item['video_episodes'] = ''
item['video_tags'] = "|".join(
response.xpath('//*[@class="tags"]/div[@class="tags-body"]/a/text()').extract())
try:
item['video_rating'] = "".join(response.xpath(
'//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/strong/text()').extract())
item['video_votes'] = "".join(response.xpath(
'//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/div/div[@class="rating_sum"]/a/span/text()').extract())
except Exception as error:
item['video_rating'] = '0'
item['video_votes'] = '0'
log(error)
yield item
except Exception as error:
log(error)
def parse_review(self, response):
try:
item = VideoReviewItem()
item['review_title'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract())
content = "".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/div[@property="v:description"]/text()').extract())
item['review_content'] = content.lstrip().rstrip().replace("\n", " ")
item['review_author'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property = "v:reviewer"]/text()').extract())
item['review_video'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/a[2]/text()').extract())
item['review_time'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/p/text()').extract())
item['review_url'] = response.url
yield item
except Exception as error:
log(error)# coding:utf-8
from scrapy.spider import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from multi.items import MusicItem, MusicReviewItem
from scrapy import log
import re
class MusicSpider(CrawlSpider):
name = 'music'
allowed_domains = ['music.douban.com']
start_urls = ['https://music.douban.com/tag/',
'https://music.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud'
]
rules = (Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/tag/((\d+)|([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)|(\w+))\?start=\d+\&type=T$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/reviews\?sort=time\&start=\d+$")),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/subject/\d+/$"), callback="parse_music", follow=True),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/review/\d+/$"), callback="parse_review", follow=True),
)
def parse_music(self, response):
item = MusicItem()
try:
item['music_name'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="wrapper"]/h1/span/text()').extract()[0]
content = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]').extract())
info = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span').extract()
item['music_alias'] = ""
item['music_singer'] = ""
item['music_time'] = ""
for i in range(0, len(info)):
if "又名" in info[i]:
if i == 0:
item['music_alias'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/text()').extract()[1] \
.replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").rstrip()
elif i == 1:
item['music_alias'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/text()').extract()[2] \
.replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").rstrip()
elif i == 2:
item['music_alias'] = response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/text()').extract()[3] \
.replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").rstrip()
else:
item['music_alias'] = ""
# break
if "表演者" in info[i]:
if i == 0:
item['music_singer'] = "|".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[1]/span/a/text()').extract())
elif i == 1:
item['music_singer'] = "|".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[2]/span/a/text()').extract())
elif i == 2:
item['music_singer'] = "|".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[3]/span/a/text()').extract())
else:
item['music_singer'] = ""
# break
if "发行时间" in info[i]:
nbsp = re.findall(r"<span class=\"pl\">发行时间:</span>(.*?)<br>", content, re.S)
item['music_time'] = "".join(nbsp).replace("\xa0", "").replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "")
# break
try:
item['music_rating'] = "".join(response.xpath(
'//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/strong/text()').extract())
item['music_votes'] = "".join(response.xpath(
'//*[@class="rating_self clearfix"]/div/div[@class="rating_sum"]/a/span/text()').extract())
except Exception as error:
item['music_rating'] = '0'
item['music_votes'] = '0'
log(error)
item['music_tags'] = "|".join(response.xpath('//*[@id="db-tags-section"]/div/a/text()').extract())
item['music_url'] = response.url
yield item
except Exception as error:
log(error)
def parse_review(self, response):
try:
item = MusicReviewItem()
item['review_title'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract())
content = "".join(
response.xpath('//*[@id="link-report"]/div[@property="v:description"]/text()').extract())
item['review_content'] = content.lstrip().rstrip().replace("\n", " ")
item['review_author'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@property = "v:reviewer"]/text()').extract())
item['review_music'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/a[2]/text()').extract())
item['review_time'] = "".join(response.xpath('//*[@class="main-hd"]/p/text()').extract())
item['review_url'] = response.url
yield item
except Exception as error:
log(error)
spider中的xpath解析，我后面会讲到
settings.py配置
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
BOT_NAME = 'multi'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['multi.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'multi.spiders'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.95 Safari/537.36'
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True #遵守robots协议创建run.py
# coding:utf-8
from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl music".split())
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl video".split())运行爬虫
pycharm运行run.py，结果如下：
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin/python3.5 /Users/yancey/multi/multi/spiders/run.py
/Users/yancey/multi/multi/spiders/musicspider.py:3: ScrapyDeprecationWarning: Module `scrapy.spider` is deprecated, use `scrapy.spiders` instead
from scrapy.spider import CrawlSpider, Rule
/Users/yancey/multi/multi/spiders/musicspider.py:6: ScrapyDeprecationWarning: Module `scrapy.log` has been deprecated, Scrapy now relies on the builtin Python library for logging. Read the updated logging entry in the documentation to learn more.
from scrapy import log
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.2.0 started (bot: multi)
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DOWNLOAD_DELAY': 2, 'BOT_NAME': 'multi', 'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.95 Safari/537.36', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['multi.spiders'], 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'multi.spiders'}
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats', 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
2016-12-27 13:53:37 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2016-12-27 13:53:39 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/> (referer: None)
2016-12-27 13:53:41 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/?view=cloud> (referer: None)
2016-12-27 13:53:41 [scrapy] DEBUG: Filtered duplicate request: <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC> - no more duplicates will be shown (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)
2016-12-27 13:53:42 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/OST> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:43 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/classical> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:46 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/Alternative> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:48 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/Metal> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:51 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:52 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/punk> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:55 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/britpop> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/%E7%BA%AF%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:53:59 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A> (referer: https://music.douban.com/tag/)
2016-12-27 13:54:02 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://music.douban.com/tag/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB