django admin-过滤器
django框架的admin模块,通过list_filter提供给用户自定义分类查询的接口,并且我们可以在原有类的基础上扩展出符合自身应用场景的过滤器。
定义模型
以 Student 模型为准,管理类为 StudentAdmin。
class Student(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
first_name = models.CharField(
max_length=20, verbose_name=u'姓')
last_name = models.CharField(
max_length=20, verbose_naem=u'名')
gender = models.IntegerField(
choices=choices_gender, verbose_name=u'性别')
age = models.IntegerField(
blank=True, verbose_name=u'年龄')
birthday = models.DateTimeField(
blank=True, verbose_name=u'生日')
@admin.register(Student)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'gender', 'age', 'birthday')
list_per_page = 20
mysql创建student表:
CREATE TABLE student(
id int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
first_name varchar(20) NOT NULL,
last_name varchar(20) NOT NULL,
gender int(10) NOT NULL,
age int(10) NOT NULL,
birthday datetime,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
直接激活过滤器
过滤器位于Admin页面的右侧,通过 list_filter 可以直接激活 Student 中已经存在的模型。注:list_filter 应该是一个列表或元组。
# 直接激活
list_filter = ('first_name',)
Filter 会自动列出所有不同的姓:
当然,其指定的字段应该是BooleanField、CharField、DateField、DateTimeField、IntegerField、ForeignKey 或ManyToManyField中的一种。并且其属性可以为对应关联的外键,通过两个下划线指定关联表中对应属性:FK__key
激活带选项的属性
很多时候,我们的属性只有固定的几种类别,比如性别;一般我们会为该属性绑定选项,这样在展示时也更加直观:
choices_gender = [
(0, 'male'),
(1, 'femal'),
]
这时,我们在激活该属性的过滤器,显示的就是选项所对应的值,而不是数据库真正存储的值:
自定义查询的过滤器(SimpleListFilter)
继承自 django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter
的类,需要给它提供 title
和 parameter_name
属性来重写 lookups
和 queryset
方法,title
为页面上该过滤器的标题、parameter
为加载页面时url中携带的参数名称:
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class AgeListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
title = _(u'年龄段')
parameter_name = 'ages'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
return (
('0', _(u'未成年')),
('1', _(u'成年人')),
('2', _(u'老年人')),
)
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.value() == '0':
return queryset.filter(age__lt='18')
if self.value() == '1':
return queryset.filter(age__gte='18', age__lte='50')
if self.value() == '2':
return queryset.filter(age__gt='50')
# 激活自定义过滤器
list_filter = (AgeListFilter,)
Filter 会列出 lookups
中定义的选项:
日期的区间筛选(DateRangeFilter)
默认的时间筛选只能选取某一段时间至今这样的区间,而daterange_filter插件提供了自定义时间区间的筛选。使用DateRangeFilter
前需要安装插件包 pip install django-daterange-filter
,并在settings.py
的 INSTALLED_APPS
中添加 daterange_filter
。
list_filter = (('birthday', DateRangeFilter), )
自定义输入框查询(SingleTextInputFilter)
django自带的过滤器是不含输入框的,但是我们可以自己重写一个带输入框的过滤器,并且自己指定样式:
from django.contrib.admin import ListFilter
class SingleTextInputFilter(ListFilter):
"""
renders filter form with text input and submit button
"""
parameter_name = None
template = "textinput_filter.html"
def __init__(self, request, params, model, model_admin):
super(SingleTextInputFilter, self).__init__(
request, params, model, model_admin)
if self.parameter_name is None:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"The list filter '%s' does not specify "
"a 'parameter_name'." % self.__class__.__name__)
if self.parameter_name in params:
value = params.pop(self.parameter_name)
self.used_parameters[self.parameter_name] = value
def value(self):
"""
Returns the value (in string format) provided in the request's
query string for this filter, if any. If the value wasn't provided then
returns None.
"""
return self.used_parameters.get(self.parameter_name, None)
def has_output(self):
return True
def expected_parameters(self):
"""
Returns the list of parameter names that are expected from the
request's query string and that will be used by this filter.
"""
return [self.parameter_name]
def choices(self, cl):
all_choice = {
'selected': self.value() is None,
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({}, [self.parameter_name]),
'display': _('All'),
}
return ({
'get_query': cl.params,
'current_value': self.value(),
'all_choice': all_choice,
'parameter_name': self.parameter_name
}, )
class LastNameListFilter(SingleTextInputFilter):
title = 'Last Name'
parameter_name = 'last_name'
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.value():
return queryset.filter(last_name=self.value())
将 textinput_filter.html放在templates文件夹下,并在settings.py
中TEMPLATES
的'DIRS'
,加上templates路径。
{% load i18n %}
<h3>{% blocktrans with filter_title=title %} By {{ filter_title }} {% endblocktrans %}</h3>
{#i for item, to be short in names#}
{% with choices.0 as i %}
<ul>
<li>
<form method="get">
<input type="search" name="{{ i.parameter_name }}" value="{{ i.current_value|default_if_none:"" }}"/>
{#create hidden inputs to preserve values from other filters and search field#}
{% for k, v in i.get_query.items %}
{% if not k == i.parameter_name %}
<input type="hidden" name="{{ k }}" value="{{ v }}">
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="{% trans 'apply' %}">
</form>
</li>
{#show "All" link to reset current filter#}
<li{% if i.all_choice.selected %} class="selected"{% endif %}>
<a href="{{ i.all_choice.query_string|iriencode }}">
{{ i.all_choice.display }}
</a>
</li>
</ul>
{% endwith %}
参考文献
- django 文档
- django源码:django/contrib/admin/filters.py
- django-daterange-filter
- stackoverflow