2.7 chars
from http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/27-chars/
尽管char类型是一个整数,相比于整数,我们通常用另一种方式对char进行处理。字符能够存储一些小的数,或是ASCII字符集里的字符。ASCII表示American Standard Code for Information Interchange,它给出了美国标准的键盘与1到127数字之间的关系图。举例,'a'在关系图中的代号为97,'b'98。字符总是放在单引号里。
1: char chValue = 'a';
2: char chValue2 = 97;
上面两个式子是等同的。
cout输出的是字符而不是整数。
1: char chChar = 97; // assign char with ASCII code 97
2: cout << chChar; // will output 'a'
如果我们想要输出整数,我们可以使用强制转换的方式实现。
1: char chChar = 97;
2: cout << (int)chChar; // will output 97, not 'a'
看一下下面的例子,输入字符,并没别以数字和字符的形式输出:
1: #include "iostream";
2:
3: int main()
4: {
5: using namespace std;
6: char chChar;
7: cout << "Input a keyboard character: ";
8: cin >> chChar;
9: cout << chChar << " has ASCII code " << (int)chChar << endl;
10: }
注意:
1: char chValue = '5'; // assigns 53 (ASCII code for '5')
2: char chValue2 = 5; // assigns 5
转义字符(Escape sequences)
一些字符有特殊的意义,可用加\的转义字符实现。
最常用的是换行符。
1: #include <iostream>
2:
3: int main()
4: {
5: using namespace std;
6: cout << "First line\nSecond line" << endl;
7: return 0;
8: }
输出:
First line Second line
另一个是制表符:
1: #include <iostream>
2:
3: int main()
4: {
5: using namespace std;
6: cout << "First part\tSecond part";
7: }
输出:
First part Second part
其他的一些如:
\',\",\\
Name | Symbol | Meaning |
---|---|---|
Alert | \a | Makes an alert, such as a beep |
Backspace | \b | Moves the cursor back one space |
Formfeed | \f | Moves the cursor to next logical page |
Newline | \n | Moves cursor to next line |
Carriage return | \r | Moves cursor to beginning of line |
Horizontal tab | \t | Prints a horizontal tab |
Vertical tab | \v | Prints a vertical tab |
Single quote | \’ | Prints a single quote |
Double quote | \” | Prints a double quote |
Backslash | \\ | Prints a backslash |
Question mark | \? | Prints a question mark |
Octal/hex number | \(number) | Translates into char represented by octal/hex number |
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作者: grassofsky
出处: http://www.cnblogs.com/grass-and-moon
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