[LeetCode] 1049. Last Stone Weight II 最后的石头重量之二


You are given an array of integers stones where stones[i] is the weight of the ith stone.

We are playing a game with the stones. On each turn, we choose any two stones and smash them together. Suppose the stones have weights x and y with x <= y. The result of this smash is:

  • If x == y, both stones are destroyed, and
  • If x != y, the stone of weight x is destroyed, and the stone of weight y has new weight y - x.

At the end of the game, there is at most one stone left.

Return the smallest possible weight of the left stone. If there are no stones left, return 0.

Example 1:

Input: stones = [2,7,4,1,8,1]
Output: 1
Explanation:
We can combine 2 and 4 to get 2, so the array converts to [2,7,1,8,1] then,
we can combine 7 and 8 to get 1, so the array converts to [2,1,1,1] then,
we can combine 2 and 1 to get 1, so the array converts to [1,1,1] then,
we can combine 1 and 1 to get 0, so the array converts to [1], then that's the optimal value.

Example 2:

Input: stones = [31,26,33,21,40]
Output: 5

Example 3:

Input: stones = [1,2]
Output: 1

Constraints:

  • 1 <= stones.length <= 30
  • 1 <= stones[i] <= 100

这道题是之前那道 Last Stone Weight 的拓展,之前那道题说是每次取两个最大的进行碰撞,问最后剩下的重量。而这里是可以任意取两个石头进行碰撞,并且需要最后剩余的重量最小,这种玩数组求极值的题十有八九都是用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来做的。首先来考虑 dp 数组该如何定义,若是直接用 dp[i] 来表示区间 [0, i] 内的石头碰撞后剩余的最小重量,状态转移方程将十分难推导,因为石子是任意选的,当前的 dp 值和之前的没有太大的联系。这里需要重新考虑 dp 数组的定义,这道题的解法其实挺难想的,需要转换一下思维,虽说是求碰撞后剩余的重量,但实际上可以看成是要将石子分为两堆,且尽可能让二者的重量之和最接近。若分为的两堆重量相等,则相互碰撞后最终将直接湮灭,剩余为0;若不相等,则剩余的重量就是两堆石子的重量之差。这

道题给的数据范围是石子个数不超过 30 个,每个的重量不超过 100,这样的话总共的石子重量不超过 3000,分为两堆的话,每堆的重量不超过 1500。我们应该将 dp[i] 定义为数组中的石子是否能组成重量为i的一堆,数组大小设为 1501 即可,且 dp[0] 初始化为 true。这里的状态转移的思路跟之前那道 Coin Change 是很相似的,遍历每个石头,累加当前石头重量到 sum,然后从 1500 和 sum 中的较小值开始遍历(因为每堆的总重量不超过 1500),且i要大于 stone,小于当前石头的i不需要更新,由于当前的石头重量 stone 知道了,那么假如 i-stone 的 dp 值为 true 的话,则 dp[i] 也一定为 true。更新完成之后,从 sum/2 开始遍历,假如其 dp 值为 true,则用总重量 sum 减去当前重量的2倍,就是二堆石头重量的差值了,也就是碰撞后的剩余重量了,参见代码如下:


class Solution {
public:
    int lastStoneWeightII(vector<int>& stones) {
        vector<bool> dp(1501);
        dp[0] = true;
        int sum = 0;
        for (int stone : stones) {
            sum += stone;
            for (int i = min(1500, sum); i >= stone; --i) {
                dp[i] = dp[i] || dp[i - stone];
            }
        }
        for (int i = sum / 2; i >= 0; --i) {
            if (dp[i]) return sum - 2 * i;
        }
        return 0;
    }
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/1049


类似题目:

Last Stone Weight

Coin Change


参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/last-stone-weight-ii/

https://leetcode.com/problems/last-stone-weight-ii/discuss/294888/JavaC%2B%2BPython-Easy-Knapsacks-DP

https://leetcode.com/problems/last-stone-weight-ii/discuss/295167/Java-beat-100-with-nice-explanation


LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

posted @ 2021-03-04 15:15  Grandyang  阅读(1789)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报
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