[LeetCode] 1024. Video Stitching 视频拼接


You are given a series of video clips from a sporting event that lasted T seconds.  These video clips can be overlapping with each other and have varied lengths.

Each video clip clips[i] is an interval: it starts at time clips[i][0] and ends at time clips[i][1].  We can cut these clips into segments freely: for example, a clip [0, 7] can be cut into segments [0, 1] + [1, 3] + [3, 7].

Return the minimum number of clips needed so that we can cut the clips into segments that cover the entire sporting event ([0, T]).  If the task is impossible, return -1.

Example 1:

Input: clips = [[0,2],[4,6],[8,10],[1,9],[1,5],[5,9]], T = 10
Output: 3
Explanation:
We take the clips [0,2], [8,10], [1,9]; a total of 3 clips.
Then, we can reconstruct the sporting event as follows:
We cut [1,9] into segments [1,2] + [2,8] + [8,9].
Now we have segments [0,2] + [2,8] + [8,10] which cover the sporting event [0, 10].

Example 2:

Input: clips = [[0,1],[1,2]], T = 5
Output: -1
Explanation:
We can't cover [0,5] with only [0,1] and [1,2].

Example 3:

Input: clips = [[0,1],[6,8],[0,2],[5,6],[0,4],[0,3],[6,7],[1,3],[4,7],[1,4],[2,5],[2,6],[3,4],[4,5],[5,7],[6,9]], T = 9
Output: 3
Explanation:
We can take clips [0,4], [4,7], and [6,9].

Example 4:

Input: clips = [[0,4],[2,8]], T = 5
Output: 2
Explanation:
Notice you can have extra video after the event ends.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= clips.length <= 100
  • 0 <= clips[i][0] <= clips[i][1] <= 100
  • 0 <= T <= 100

这道题说是给了一些视频片段,是关于长度为T秒的一项体育运动,这些视频片段可能会有时间上的重叠,而且各自的时长不等。每个片段有各自的起始时间和结束时间,说是我们可以任意剪切一个片段为任意段,现在问最少需要拿几个给定的片段可以完整的剪出0到T之间的完整运动录像。题目看不太懂的童鞋,可以看给的例子,其实就是找几个片段,使得它们的并集能覆盖整个0到T的区间就行,具体怎么剪裁并不用管。这道题用贪婪算法和动态规划都是可以做的,先来看贪婪算法,需要先按照起始时间给片段排个序,然后用几个变量,st 表示当前用到的片段可以到达的位置,end 表示新加一个片段可以到达的最大的位置,i表示当前遍历到的片段的坐标。进行 while 循环,条件是 st 小于 T,然后此时检测片段,假如某个片段的起始时间小于等于 st,则可以用其结束位置来更新 end,直到选出一个最大的区间。若此时 st 还是等于 end,说明此时已经断层了,无法覆盖整个区间了,直接返回 -1。否则将 st 更新为 end,结果 res 自增1。继续循环,直至退出,然后返回 res 即可,参见代码如下:


解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    int videoStitching(vector<vector<int>>& clips, int T) {
        int res = 0, n = clips.size(), i = 0, st = 0, end = 0;
        sort(clips.begin(), clips.end());
        while (st < T) {
            while (i < n && clips[i][0] <= st) {
                end = max(end, clips[i++][1]);
            }
            if (st == end) return -1;
            st = end;
            ++res;
        }
        return res;
    }
};

我们也可以用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来做,定义一个一维的 dp 数组,其中 dp[i] 表示覆盖 [0, i] 区间需要的最少片段个数,dp 大小定为 T+1,初始化均为 T+1。将 dp[0] 更新为0,这里还是先给片段按起始时间排个序,遍历所有的片段,然后遍历该片段时间区域内的所有时间点,注意,因为题目中也说了片段的时间范围可能大于T,为了避免越界,需要判断一下若i大于T,直接 break 掉循环,否则就可以用 dp[clip[0]]+1 来更新其 dp 值,参见代码如下:


解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int videoStitching(vector<vector<int>>& clips, int T) {
        sort(clips.begin(), clips.end());
        vector<int> dp(T + 1, T + 1);
        dp[0] = 0;
        for (auto &clip : clips) {
            for (int i = clip[0] + 1; i <= clip[1]; ++i) {
                if (i > T) break;
                dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[clip[0]] + 1);
            }
        }
        return dp[T] == (T + 1) ? -1 : dp[T];
    }
};

下面这种也是 DP 解法,不过并不用给片段排序,因为 dp 的更新方法不同,定义还是跟上面相同,不过这里就可以定义为 T+1 的大小,且均初始化为 T+1,除了 dp[0] 要赋值为0。然后此时是从1遍历到T,对于每个时间点,遍历所有的片段,假如当前时间点i在该片段中间,则用 dp[clip[0]]+1 来更新 dp[i],注意和上面解法的不同之处,参见代码如下:


解法三:

class Solution {
public:
    int videoStitching(vector<vector<int>>& clips, int T) {
        vector<int> dp(T + 1, T + 1);
        dp[0] = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= T; ++i) {
            for (auto &clip : clips) {
                if (i >= clip[0] && i <= clip[1]) {
                    dp[i] = min(dp[i], dp[clip[0]] + 1);
                }
            }
        }
        return dp[T] == T + 1 ? -1 : dp[T];
    }
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/1024


参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/video-stitching/

https://leetcode.com/problems/video-stitching/discuss/269988/C%2B%2BJava-6-lines-O(n-log-n)

https://leetcode.com/problems/video-stitching/discuss/270036/JavaC%2B%2BPython-Greedy-Solution-O(1)-Space


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posted @ 2021-02-10 14:44  Grandyang  阅读(2274)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报
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