[LeetCode] 997. Find the Town Judge 找出小镇法官
In a town, there are N
people labelled from 1
to N
. There is a rumor that one of these people is secretly the town judge.
If the town judge exists, then:
- The town judge trusts nobody.
- Everybody (except for the town judge) trusts the town judge.
- There is exactly one person that satisfies properties 1 and 2.
You are given trust
, an array of pairs trust[i] = [a, b]
representing that the person labelled a
trusts the person labelled b
.
If the town judge exists and can be identified, return the label of the town judge. Otherwise, return -1
.
Example 1:
Input: N = 2, trust = [[1,2]]
Output: 2
Example 2:
Input: N = 3, trust = [[1,3],[2,3]]
Output: 3
Example 3:
Input: N = 3, trust = [[1,3],[2,3],[3,1]]
Output: -1
Example 4:
Input: N = 3, trust = [[1,2],[2,3]]
Output: -1
Example 5:
Input: N = 4, trust = [[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[4,3]]
Output: 3
Constraints:
1 <= N <= 1000
0 <= trust.length <= 10^4
trust[i].length == 2
trust[i]
are all differenttrust[i][0] != trust[i][1]
1 <= trust[i][0], trust[i][1] <= N
这道题是说是有N个人,里面有一个小镇法官,要求是法官不相信任何人,而其他所有人都信任法官,现在让我们找出这个法官,不存在的话返回 -1。跟之前那道
Find the Celebrity 非常相似,那道题是所有人都认识名人,但是名人不认识任何人。而这里是法官不相信人任何人,而所有人都相信法官,不同的是在于给的数据结构不同,名人那道是给了个 API 判断是否认识,而这里给了个信任数组,那么解法就稍有不同了。由于信任是有方向的,所以是一个有向图,因为法官不相信任何人,所以其没有出度,而所有人都信任他,则入度满值。最简单直接的方法就是统计每个结点的出度和入度,然后找出那个出度为0,入度为 N-1 的结点即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution {
public:
int findJudge(int N, vector<vector<int>>& trust) {
vector<int> in(N + 1), out(N + 1);
for (auto a : trust) {
++out[a[0]];
++in[a[1]];
}
for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
if (in[i] == N - 1 && out[i] == 0) return i;
}
return -1;
}
};
若没有想出有向图出度和入度的解法,也可以使用下面这种方法,思路是这样的,由于法官是不会相信任何人的,所以前一个位置的人肯定不是法官,则用一个 HashSet 来保存所有会相信别人的人,然后再用一个 HashMap 来建立某个人和信任该人的所有人的集合,那么只要找出不在 HashSet 中的人,且有 N-1 个人信任他,则该人一定是法官,其实本质上跟上面的解法还是一样的,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution {
public:
int findJudge(int N, vector<vector<int>>& trust) {
unordered_set<int> st;
unordered_map<int, vector<int>> beTrustedMap;
for (auto &a : trust) {
st.insert(a[0]);
beTrustedMap[a[1]].push_back(a[0]);
}
for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
if (st.count(i)) continue;
if (beTrustedMap[i].size() == N - 1) return i;
}
return -1;
}
};
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/997
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/find-the-town-judge/
https://leetcode.com/problems/find-the-town-judge/discuss/242938/JavaC%2B%2BPython-Directed-Graph