[LeetCode] 920. Number of Music Playlists 音乐播放列表的个数
Your music player contains `N` different songs and she wants to listen to `L` (not necessarily different) songs during your trip. You create a playlist so that:
- Every song is played at least once
- A song can only be played again only if
K
other songs have been played
Return the number of possible playlists. As the answer can be very large, return it modulo 10^9 + 7
.
Example 1:
Input: N = 3, L = 3, K = 1
Output: 6
Explanation: There are 6 possible playlists. [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1].
Example 2:
Input: N = 2, L = 3, K = 0
Output: 6 Explanation: There are 6 possible playlists. [1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 1], [2, 1, 1], [2, 2, 1], [2, 1, 2], [1, 2, 2]
Example 3:
Input: N = 2, L = 3, K = 1
Output: 2
Explanation: There are 2 possible playlists. [1, 2, 1], [2, 1, 2]
Note:
0 <= K < N <= L <= 100
这道题说是一个音乐播放器有N首歌,有个她想听L首歌(可以有重复),但需要满足两个条件,一个是每首歌都必须至少播放1次,第二个是两首重复歌的中间至少要有K首其他的歌。提示了结果可能非常巨大,需要对一个超大数取余。对于这类结果超大的数,基本不用怀疑,基本都是用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来做,这里主要参考了 [大神 optimisea 的帖子](https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/discuss/180338/DP-solution-that-is-Easy-to-understand)。首先就是要确定 dp 的定义式,显然这里一维的 dp 数组是罩不住的,因为貌似有三个参数,N,L 和 K。但是否意味着需要个三维数组呢,其实也不用,并不关心所有的K值,但是对于N和L是必须要关注的,这里用一个二维 dp 数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示总共放了i首歌,其中j首是不同的。下面来考虑状态转移方程,在加入一首歌的时候,此时有两种情况:
- 当加入的是一首新歌,则表示之前的 i-1 首歌中有 j-1 首不同的歌曲,其所有的组合情况都可以加上这首新歌,那么当前其实有 N-(j-1) 首新歌可以选。
- 当加入的是一首重复的歌,则表示之前的 i-1 首歌中已经有了 j 首不同的歌,那么若没有K的限制,则当前有 j 首重复的歌可以选。但是现在有了K的限制,意思是两首重复歌中间必须要有K首其他的歌,则当前只有 j-K 首可以选。而当 j<K 时,其实这种情况是为0的。
综上所述可以得到状态转移方程:
dp[i-1][j-1]*(N-(j-1)) + dp[i-1][j]*(j-k) (j > K)
/
dp[i][j] =
\
dp[i-1][j-1]*(N-(j-1)) (j <= K)
参见代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
int numMusicPlaylists(int N, int L, int K) {
int M = 1e9 + 7;
vector<vector<long>> dp(L + 1, vector<long>(N + 1));
dp[0][0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= L; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= N; ++j) {
dp[i][j] = (dp[i - 1][j - 1] * (N - (j - 1))) % M;
if (j > K) {
dp[i][j] = (dp[i][j] + dp[i - 1][j] * (j - K) % M) % M;
}
}
}
return dp[L][N];
}
};
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/920
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/
https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/discuss/178415/C%2B%2BJavaPython-DP-Solution
[LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)](https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4606334.html)