[LeetCode] 876. Middle of the Linked List 链表的中间结点
Given a non-empty, singly linked list with head node `head`, return a middle node of linked list.
If there are two middle nodes, return the second middle node.
Example 1:
Input: [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: Node 3 from this list (Serialization: [3,4,5])
The returned node has value 3. (The judge's serialization of this node is [3,4,5]).
Note that we returned a ListNode object ans, such that:
ans.val = 3, ans.next.val = 4, ans.next.next.val = 5, and ans.next.next.next = NULL.
Example 2:
Input: [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Output: Node 4 from this list (Serialization: [4,5,6])
Since the list has two middle nodes with values 3 and 4, we return the second one.
Note:
- The number of nodes in the given list will be between
1
and100
.
这道题给了一个链表,让我们找其中间结点。由于链表不像数组,不能通过坐标位置来直接访问元素,而是只能从头结点开始,使用 next 指针来访问之后的结点,为了知道当前结点的位置,还得使用计数器来记录。由于在不知道链表的总长度之前,是无法知道中间结点的位置的,那么可以首先遍历一遍,统计出链表的长度,此时长度有了,除以2就是中间结点的位置了,再从头遍历一遍,就可以找出中间结点的位置了,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head) {
ListNode *cur = head;
int cnt = 0;
while (cur) {
++cnt;
cur = cur->next;
}
cnt /= 2;
while (cnt > 0) {
--cnt;
head = head->next;
}
return head;
}
};
由于链表无法通过坐标位置来访问元素,但我们可以将所有的结点按顺序存入到一个数组中,那么之后就可以直接根据坐标位置来访问结点了,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head) {
vector<ListNode*> vec(100);
int cur = 0;
while (head) {
vec[cur++] = head;
head = head->next;
}
return vec[cur / 2];
}
};
上面两种方法一个多用了时间,一个多用了空间,其实都不是最优的解法,最好的方法其实是使用快慢指针来做。在之前那道 [Linked List Cycle](https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4137187.html) 链表中找环的题,我们介绍过快慢指针,就是两个指针,慢指针一次走一步,快指针一次走两步,那么这里当快指针走到末尾的时候,慢指针刚好走到中间,这样就在一次遍历中,且不需要额外空间的情况下解决了问题,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head) {
ListNode *slow = head, *fast = head;
while (head && head->next) {
slow = slow->next;
head = head->next->next;
}
return slow;
}
};
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/876
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/middle-of-the-linked-list/
[LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)](https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4606334.html)