Appium 并发测试基于unitest
前言：
在回归测试阶段，UI测试，兼容测试是测试的必要步骤。UI自动化的本身是比较冗余的测试，但是换个角度思考，UI自动化同时连接多台设备，那么在回归测试时，在同一个脚本下产生的测试结果是非常有价值的。
不同设备在并发下的测试结果可以为我们提供：
1. 兼容性测试（不同的手机品牌，Android版本， 分辨率等）
2. 性能测试（通过安装Emmagee，监控不同手机在同脚本下，性能的变化）
3. 界面对比（通过图像识别opencv，截图对比等 查看在相同页面的变化）
思路：
1. 启动多路appium服务
2. 启动并连接多路手机端
3. 运行并生成测试报告
问题：
1. python的unittest框架和java不同，不支持参数传入，可以通过重写unittest.TestCase的init添加参数
2. appium 通过命令行启动，需要安装非desktop的版本，且最好安装1.9版本appium，1.0我启动不了
框架代码截取：
1. 重写unittest的初始化函数
class ParametrizedCase(unittest.TestCase): def __init__(self, methodName='runTest', param=None): super(ParametrizedCase, self).__init__(methodName) global devices devices = param @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): cls.driver = connect_device(devices) @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): cls.driver.close_app() cls.driver.quit()
2. 封装启动appium的服务方法：
基于 appium 的启动命令
appium -p -bp -U
封装多线程启动
class AppiumServer: def __init__(self, kwargs=None): self.kwargs = kwargs def start_server(self): """start the appium server """ for i in range(0, len(self.kwargs)): cmd = "appium --session-override -p %s -bp %s -U %s" % ( self.kwargs[i]["port"], self.kwargs[i]["bport"], self.kwargs[i]["devices"]) print(cmd) if platform.system() == "Windows": # windows下启动server t1 = RunServer(cmd) p = Process(target=t1.start()) p.start() while True: print("--------start_win_server-------------") if self.win_is_runnnig("http://127.0.0.1:" + self.kwargs[i]["port"] + "/wd/hub" + "/status"): print("-------win_server_ 成功--------------") break else: appium = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=1, close_fds=True) while True: appium_line = appium.stdout.readline().strip().decode() time.sleep(1) print("---------start_server----------") if 'listener started' in appium_line or 'Error: listen' in appium_line: print("----server_ 成功---") break def win_is_runnnig(self, url): """Determine whether server is running :return:True or False """ response = None time.sleep(1) try: response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=5) if str(response.getcode()).startswith("2"): return True else: return False except URLError: return False except socket.timeout: return False finally: if response: response.close() def stop_server(self, devices): sysstr = platform.system() if sysstr == 'Windows': os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe") else: for device in devices: # mac cmd = "lsof -i :{0}".format(device["port"]) plist = os.popen(cmd).readlines() plisttmp = plist[1].split(" ") plists = plisttmp[1].split(" ") # print plists[0] os.popen("kill -9 {0}".format(plists[0])) class RunServer(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, cmd): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.cmd = cmd def run(self): os.system(self.cmd)
3. 封装连接Android设备的方法：
def connect_device(devices): desired_caps = {} desired_caps['platformVersion'] = devices["platformVersion"] desired_caps['platformName'] = devices["platformName"] desired_caps["automationName"] = devices['automationName'] desired_caps['deviceName'] = devices["deviceName"] desired_caps["appPackage"] = devices["appPackage"] desired_caps["appActivity"] = devices["appActivity"] desired_caps["noReset"] = True desired_caps['noSign'] = True desired_caps["unicodeKeyboard"] = True desired_caps["resetKeyboard"] = True desired_caps["systemPort"] = devices["systemPort"] # desired_caps['app'] = devices["app"] remote = "http://127.0.0.1:" + str(devices["port"]) + "/wd/hub" # remote = "http://127.0.0.1:" + "4723" + "/wd/hub" driver = webdriver.Remote(remote, desired_caps) return driver
4. 多线程启动服务和多线程连接多终端，生成日志报告
def runnerPool(getDevices): devices_Pool = [] for i in range(0, len(getDevices)): _initApp = {} _initApp["deviceName"] = getDevices[i]["devices"] _initApp["platformVersion"] = getPhoneInfo(devices=_initApp["deviceName"])["release"] _initApp["platformName"] = "Android" _initApp["port"] = getDevices[i]["port"] _initApp["automationName"] = "UiAutomator2" _initApp["systemPort"] = getDevices[i]["systemPort"] _initApp["appPackage"] = 'cn.vsx.vc' _initApp["appActivity"] = '.activity.RegistActivity' devices_Pool.append(_initApp) print(f'devices pool are {devices_Pool}') with ProcessPoolExecutor(len(devices_Pool)) as pool: pool.map(runnerCaseApp, devices_Pool) def runnerCaseApp(devices): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(ParametrizedCase.parametrize(group_call, param=devices)) # 加入测试类 now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S') result = BeautifulReport(suite) result.report(filename=now + f"_{devices['deviceName'].split(':', 1)[0]}.html", log_path='E:\\TestReports\\', description=f"{devices['deviceName'].split(':', 1)[0]}") if __name__ == '__main__': devices = attached_devices() if len(devices) > 0: l_devices = [] for dev in devices: app = {} app["devices"] = dev app["port"] = str(random.randint(4700, 4900)) app["bport"] = str(random.randint(4700, 4900)) app["systemPort"] = random.randint(4700, 4900) l_devices.append(app) print(f'list of server:{l_devices}') appium_server = AppiumServer(l_devices) appium_server.start_server() runnerPool(l_devices) appium_server.stop_server(l_devices) else: print("没有可用的安卓设备")
以上为大体的运行思路，只截取部分代码，其他的缺失代码可自行思考
思路扩展：
1. unittest框架希望升级成pytest框架更灵活，支持的插件也更多。
2. allure报告支持pytest，更详细美观且可支持Jenkins持续集成
3. 可替换appium为阿里的macaca
（全平台支持，不限制移动端
更专业的 Node 模块开发和封装
驱动更加快速、稳定
本地到持续集成的方案提供
技术栈更新更快
协议更自由 MIT
全面的技术支持
在国内社区更有优势） 当然 appium也不错，实在下载不了就考虑macaca
4. atx uiautomator2 的模式也可以参考，优势在于可通过WiFi进行多手机并发
