EDI_了解
读通EDI
EDI:Electronic Data Interchange,即电子数据交换。
支撑EDI数据交换的是一套技术标准和国际上约定俗成的商务习俗，你会用其中的几种？
EDI(Electronic Data Interchange)是供应链管理的主要信息手段之一。国际标准化组织将EDI定义为“将商业或行政事务处理，按一个公认的标准，形成结构化的事务处理或信息数据格式，从计算机到计算机的数据传输”。在全球贸易中有大量文档传输的条件下，EDI作为计算机与计算机之间的业务数据交换工具，是全球合作伙伴企业之间交换信息的有效技术手段。
EDI的应用较为复杂，费用也不便宜，投资大，缺乏开放性，所以它的发展较慢。在美国，跨国公司大多用EDI进行商务数据业务来往。在我国EDI的应用则相对迟缓，只是在北京、上海、广东、台湾、香港等中大型城市的大型企业得到应用。
图—是基于EDI的供应链信息组织与集成模式框架图。
在整个EDI框架里，结算中心是一个连接所有节点的增值网络。包含所有商务信息的EDI数据信息发送到结算中心后，结算中心根据不同节点的要求做出处理，处理完毕后，将有关的文档输送相关环节。
基于EDI的资讯集成后，企业接点之间与有关商务部门之间也实现了一个集成，成为一个集成化的供应链。如图一所示，其基本过程是先将企业各子公司和部门的信息系统组成局域网络 (LAN－Local Area Network)，在局域网的基础上组建企业广域网络 (WAN－Wide Area Network) ——相当于Intranet(企业内部互联网)，再和其它相关的企业和单位连接。和其它企业的通信连接方式通过增值网络 (EDI中心) 或 Internet 网络。
支撑EDI数据交换的是一套技术标准和国际上约定俗成的商务习俗。你会用了几种 EDI？每种EDI的格式字段所代表的意义都懂吗？目前企业所通用的大概只有上述的10种EDI，其不同的格式字段都代表着不同的含义。下面我们对这10种EDI代表的意义和关键结构逐一进行介绍。
常用的EDI的种类及其代表的意义：
EDI 832：客户的工程数据如BOM, ECN(Engineering Change Notice), EM(Engineering Memo)等
EDI 830：客户预测需求
EDI 870：回复客户需求
EDI 850：客户订单
EDI 855：回复客户订单
EDI 846：库存查询与建议
EDI 862：提货确认
EDI 856：出货通知
EDI 861：收货确认
EDI 810：收款发票
EDI 824：发票收到确认
阅读每种EDI 8 XX的关键是：
供应商代号，接收需求主体的代号 (如Site Code)；
客户订单号码 (CPO # )
料号 (P / N)
数量 (Q’ty)
时间 (Schedule)
地点 (Location)
价格 (Price)
出货目的地 (Ship to)
托运人 (Shipper)
全部或部分出货 (Full / Partial)
常用EDI的结构和关键点：
EDI 830，即客户的需求预测 (Forecast)，一般来讲它根据不同产业及业务模式的不同，而决定其结构，就PC产业为例：所进行的生意模式如果是BTF(Build To Forecast) / BTS(Build To Stock)，甚至于BTO(Build To Order)的话，那EDI的结构自然就应该大致为：含盖 7天 + 16周 + 14个月的需求，那么关键就是在维持库存基线的同时，进行最大和最小量之间进行交补货管制。
EDI 850，即客户采购订单 (CPO)，当您接到一张订单的时候，首先要审核的是什么？当然是厂商代号或接收需求主体的代号，然后再审：订单号码、订单形态、订单日期、出货方式、Invoice or 2nd Invoice，出货人或主体 / 出货路线 / 特别要求。
EDI 856，即出货通知，回复EDI 862—提货确认，掌握和控制的关键：
Ship ID(出货识别号)/日期 / 具体时间；
货物总重、毛重 / 总体积 / 计量单位；
货物的装载方式 (纸箱 / 栈板)；
全部出货或部分出货；货物运送方式 / 服务等级；托运方式 / 提单 / 发票；车牌号 / 货柜封条号；
运费支付方式 (到付 / 预付)；出货地 / 出往地 / 收款的地址。
EDI 861接收通知 / 接受确认，掌握和控制的关键：
日期 / 具体时间；订单号码 / 数量 / 单位；接收条件；供应商的料号。
尽管不同的EDI有不同的格式和结构，但他们的关键部分大体上是一致的。当你接到EDI时，一定要重点审核其关键部分:
供应商代号，接收需求主体的代号 ( 如Site Code )；
客户订单号码 (CPO # )；料号 (P / N)；数量 (Q’ty)；
时间（Schedule)；地点 (Location)；
价格 (Price)；
出货目的地 (Ship to)；
托运人 (Shipper)；
全部或部分出货 (Full / Partial)。
此外，在当今繁忙的商务的交易中，EDI的设计一定要有纠错能力。否则，无纸化作业岂不是空谈？多一点人工核对，就增加了人为错误的机会。
这些是固定的EDI信号或事务代码或事务集。格式是固定的。你会得到不同版本的信号。例如:4010、4030、5010、5030，每一个都是另一个的增强版本，并将包含额外的字段。这些信号必须映射到R/3侧相应的idocs。
These are fixed EDI signals or transaction codes or transaction sets. The format is fixed.You will get these signals of different versions. For eg :4010,4030,5010,5030, each one being enhanced version of the other and will contain additional fields. These signal have to be mapped to the corresponding idocs in the R/3 side.
Below is the list of all the signals
EDI 830 - Planning Schedule with Release Capability
EDI 831 - Application Control Totals
EDI 832 - Price/Sales Catalog
EDI 836 - Procurement Notices
EDI 838 - Trading Partner Profile
EDI 839 - Project Cost Reporting
EDI 840 - Request for Quotation
EDI 841 - Specifications/Technical Information
EDI 842 - Nonconformance Report
EDI 843 - Response to Request for Quotation
EDI 844 - Product Transfer Account Adjustment
EDI 845 - Price Authorization Acknowledgment/Status
EDI 846 - Inventory Inquiry/Advice
EDI 847 - Material Claim
EDI 848 - Material Safety Data Sheet
EDI 849 - Response to Product Transfer Account Adjustment
EDI 850 - Purchase Order
EDI 851 - Asset Schedule
EDI 852 - Product Activity Data
EDI 852 - Product Activity Data Plus Module
EDI 853 - Routing and Carrier Instruction
EDI 854 - Shipment Delivery Discrepancy Information
EDI 855 - Purchase Order Acknowledgment
EDI 856 - Ship Notice/Manifest
EDI 857 - Shipment and Billing Notice
EDI 858 - Shipment Information
EDI 859 - Freight Invoice
EDI 860 - Purchase Order Change Request - Buyer Initiated
EDI 861 - Receiving Advice/Acceptance Certificate
EDI 862 - Shipping Schedule
EDI 863 - Report of Test Results
EDI 864 - Text Message
EDI 865 - Purchase Order Change Acknowledgment/Request - Seller Initiated
EDI 866 - Production Sequence
EDI 867 - Product Transfer and Resale Report
EDI 868 - Electronic Form Structure
EDI 869 - Order Status Inquiry
EDI 870 - Order Status Report
EDI 871 - Component Parts Content
EDI 888 - Item Maintenance
EDI 893 - Item Information Request
EDI 894 - Delivery/Return Base Record
EDI 895 - Delivery/Return Acknowledgment or Adjustment
EDI 896 - Product Dimension Maintenance
EDI 928 - Automotive Inspection Detail
EDI 940 - Warehouse Shipping Order
EDI 943 - Warehouse Stock Transfer Shipment Advice
EDI 944 - Warehouse Stock Transfer Receipt Advice
EDI 945 - Warehouse Shipping Advice
EDI 946 - Delivery Information Message
EDI 947 - Warehouse Inventory Adjustment Advice
EDI 980 - Functional Group Totals
EDI 997 - Functional Acknowledgment
EDI 998 - Set Cancellation
EDI 999 - Acceptance/Rejection Advice
EDI 820-A1 - Payment Order/Remittance Advice
- 下面你会发现一个EDI交易列表(有时被称为EDI交易代码或交易集)，它是ANSI ASC X12 EDI标准的一部分。
Below you will find a list of EDI transactions (sometimes referred to as EDI transaction codes or transaction sets) that are used as part of the ANSI ASC X12 EDI standards.
104 Air Shipment Information
110 Air Freight Details and Invoice
120 Vehicle Shipping Order
121 Vehicle Service
124 Property and Casualty Vehicle Damage
125 Multilevel Railcar Load Details
126 Vehicle Application Advice
127 Vehicle Buying Order
128 Dealer Information
129 Vehicle Carrier Rate Update
130 Student Educational Record (Transcript)
131 Student Educational Record (Transcript) Acknowledgment
135 Student Application
139 Student Loan Guarantee Result
140 Product Registration
141 Product Service Claim Response
142 Product Service Claim
143 Product Service Notification
144 Student Loan Transfer and Status Verification
146 Request for Student Educational Record Transcript)
147 Response to Request for Student Educational Record (Transcript)
148 Report of Injury, Illness or Incident
149 Notice of Tax Adjustment or Assessment
150 Tax Rate Notification
151 Electronic Filing of Tax Return Data Acknowledgment
152 Statistical Government Information
154 Uniform Commercial Code Filing
159 Motion Picture Booking Confirmation
161 Train Sheet
163 Appointment Schedule Information
170 Revenue Receipts Statement
175 Court Notice
176 Court Submission
180 Return Merchandise Authorization and Notification
185 Royalty Regulatory Report
186 Laboratory Reporting
188 Educational Course Inventory
189 Application for Admission to Educational Institutions
190 Student Enrollment Verification
191 Student Loan Preclaims
194 Grant or Assistance Application
195 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) License Application
196 Contractor Cost Data Reporting
197 Real Estate Title Evidence
199 Mortgage Settlement Information
200 Mortgage Credit Report
201 Residential Loan Application
203 Secondary Mortgage Market Investor Report
204 Motor Carrier Shipment Information
206 Real Estate Mortgage Inspection Request
210 Motor Carrier Freight Details and Invoice
213 Motor Carrier Shipment Status Inquiry
214 Transportation Carrier Shipment Stats Message
217 Motor Carrier Loading and Route Guide
218 Motor Carrier Tariff Information
242 Data Status Tracking
250 Loan Purchase Order Shipment Management Document
251 Pricing Support
255 InsuranceUnderwriting Information Services
256 Periodic Annuity Compensation
260 Application for Mortgage Insurance Benefits
261 Residential Appraisal Request
262 Residential Appraisal Report
263 Residential Mortgage Insurance Application Response
264 Mortgage Loan Default Status
265 Real Estate Title Insurance Services Order
266 Mortgage Record Change
270 Health Care Eligibility/Benefit Inquiry
271 Health Care Eligibility/Benefit Information
272 Property and Casualty Loss Notification
273 Insurance/Annuity Application Status
275 Patient Information
276 Health Care Claim Status Request
277 Health Care Claim Status Notification
278 Health Care Service Review Information
288 Wage Determination
290 Cooperative Advertising Agreements
300 Reservation (Booking Request) (Ocean)
301 Freight Receipt and Invoice (Ocean)
303 Booking Cancellation (Ocean)
304 Shipping Instructions
309 wazzu U.S. Customs Manifest
310 Freight Receipt and Invoice (Ocean)
311 Canadian Customs Information
312 Arrival Notice (Ocean)
313 Shipment Status Inquiry (Ocean)
315 Status Details (Ocean)
317 Delivery/Pick-Up Order
319 Terminal Information
322 Terminal Operations and Intermodal Ramp Activity
323 Vessel Schedule and Itinerary (Ocean)
324 Vessel Stow Plan (Ocean)
325 Consolidation of Goods In Container
326 Consignment Summary List
350 U.S. Customs Release Information
352 U.S. Customs Carrier General Order Status
353 U.S. Customs Events Advisory Details
354 U.S. Customs Automated Manifest Archive Status
355 U.S. Customs Manifest Acceptance/Rejection
356 U.S. Customs Permit to Transfer Request
357 U.S. Customs In-Bond Information
358 U.S. Customs Consist Information
361 Carrier Interchange Agreement (Ocean)
362 Cargo Insurance Advice of Shipment
404 Rail Carrier Shipment Information
410 Rail Carier Freight Details and Invoice
414 Rail Carrier Settlements
417 Rail Carrier Waybill Interchange
418 Rail Advance Interchange Consist
419 Advance Car Disposition
420 Car Handling Information
421 Estimated Time of Arrival and Car Scheduling
422 Shipper's Car Order
423 Rail Industrial Switch List
425 Rail Waybill Request
426 Rail Revenue Waybill
429 Railroad Retirement Activity
431 Railroad Station Master File
432 Rail Description
433 Railroad Reciprocal Switch File
435 Standard Transportation Commodity Code Master
436 Locomotive Information
440 Shipment Weights
451 Railroad Event Report
452 Railroad Problem Log Inquiry or Advice
453 Railroad Service Commitment Advice
455 Railroad Parameter Trace Registration
456 Railroad Equipment Inquiry or Advice
466 Rate Request
468 Rate Docket Journal Log
470 Railroad Clearance
475 Rail Route File Maintenance
485 Ratemaking Action
490 Rate Group Definition
492 Miscellaneous Rate
494 Scale Rate Table
501 Vendor Performance Review
503 Pricing History
504 Clauses and Provisions
511 Requisition
517 Material Obligation Validation
527 Material Due-In and Receipt
536 Logistics Reassignment
561 Contract Abstract
567 Contract Completion Status
568 Contract Payment Management Report
601 Shipper's Exports Declaration
602 Transportation Services Tender
715 Intermodal Group Loading Plan
805 Contract Pricing Proposal
806 Project Schedule Reporting
810 Invoice
811 Consolidated Service Invoice/Statement
812 Credit/Debit Adjustment
813 Electronic Filing of Tax Return Data
815 Cryptographic Service Message
816 Organizational Relationship
818 Commission Sales Report
819 Operating Expense Statement
820 Payment Order/Remittance Advice
821 Financial Information Reporting
822 Customer Account Analysis
823 Lockbox
824 Application Advice
826 Tax Information Reporting
827 Financial Payment Return Order/Return Notice
828 Debit Authorization
829 Payment Cancellation Request
830 Planning Schedule with Release Capability
831 Application Control Totals
832 Price/Sales Catalog
833 Mortgage Credit Report Order
834 Benefit Enrollment and Maintenance
835 Health Care Claim Payment/Advice
836 Procurement Notices
837 Health Care Claim
838 Trading Partner Profile
839 Project Cost Reporting
840 Request for Quotation
841 Specifications/Technical Information
842 Nonconformance Report
843 Response to Request for Quotation
844 Product Transfer Account Adjustment
845 Price Authorization Acknowledgement/Status
846 Inventory Inquiry/Advice
847 Material Claim
848 Material Safety Data Sheet
849 Response to Product Transfer Account Adjustment
850 Purchase Order
851 Asset Schedule
852 Product Activity Data
853 Routing and Carrier Instruction
854 Shipment Delivery Discrepancy Information
855 Purchase Order Acknowledgment
856 Shipment Notice/Manifest
857 Shipment and Billing Notice
858 Shipment Information
859 Freight Invoice
860 Purchase Order Change Request - Buyer Initiated
861 Receiving Advice/Acceptance Certificate
862 Shipping Schedule
863 Report of Test Results
864 Text Message
865 Purchase Order Change Acknowledgment/Request - Seller Initiated
866 Production Sequence
867 Product Transfer and Resale Report
868 Electronic Forms Structure
869 Order Status Inquiry
870 Order Status Report
871 Component Parts Content
872 Residential Mortgage Insurance Application
875 Grocery Products Purchase Order
876 Grocery Products Purchase Order Change
877 Manufacturer Coupon Family Code Structure
878 Product Authorization/De-authorization
879 Price Change
880 Grocery Products Invoice
881 Manufacturer Coupon Redemption Detail
882 Direct Store Delivery Summary Information
883 Market Development Fund Allocation
884 Market Development Fund Settlement
885 Store Characteristics
886 Customer Call Reporting
887 Coupon Notification
888 Item Maintenance
889 Promotion Announcement
891 Deduction Research Report
893 Item Information Request
894 Delivery/Return Base Record
895 Delivery/Return
Acknowledgment or djustment
896 Product Dimension Maintenance
920 Loss or Damage Claim - General Commodities
924 Loss or Damage Claim - Motor Vehicle
925 Claim Tracer
926 Claim Status Report and Tracer Reply
928 Automotive Inspection Detail
940 Warehouse Shipping Order
943 Warehouse Stock Transfer Shipment Advice
944 Warehouse Stock Transfer Receipt Advice
945 Warehouse Shipping Advice
947 Warehouse Inventory Adjustment Advice
980 Functional Group Totals
990 Response to a Load Tender
996 File Transfer
997 Functional Acknowledgment
998 Set Cancellation
