Java程序与RSR232串口通讯小练手(转载)

一直以来都是在学习J2EE方面的应用系统开发,从未想过用JAVA来编写硬件交互程序,不过自己就是喜欢尝试一些未曾接触的新东西。在网上搜索了些资源,了解到JAVA写串口通讯的还是蛮多的,那么便着手准备开发调试环境。软件程序开发环境搭建不成问题,可这硬件环境就有点犯难啦。更何况自己用的是笔记本哪来的串口呀,再说要是真拿这串口硬件来自己也不会弄,随即想到了虚拟机,觉得这东西应该也有虚拟的吧,果真跟自己的猜测一样还真有这东西,顺便也下载了个串口小助手做为调试之用。下面就先看看软件环境的搭建:

 

1.下载comm.jar、win32com.dll和javax.comm.properties。 (附件提供下载)

介绍:comm.jar提供了通讯用的java API,win32com.dll提供了供comm.jar调用的本地驱动接口,javax.comm.properties是这个驱动的类配置文件

 

2.拷贝javacomm.jar到X:\jre\lib\ext目录下面;

 

3.拷贝javax.comm.properties到X:\jre\lib目录下面;

 

4.拷贝win32com.dll到X:\jre\bin目录下面;

 

5.更新下IDE里面的JDK环境,如下图:

 

接着是硬件虚拟环境安装虚拟串口,这里我用的是VSPD6.0(附件提供下载),安装好后启动VSPD添加我们所需要的端口,注意这里是按组的方式添加的,例如COM1和COM2是一组同时添加,以此类推。如下图所示:

 

所有环境都准备好后,先来简单认识下comm.jar的内容。单从comm API的javadoc来看,SUM提供给我们的只有区区以下13个类或接口,具体如下:
javax.comm.CommDriver
javax.comm.CommPort javax.comm.ParallelPort
javax.comm.SerialPort javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier
javax.comm.CommPortOwnershipListener
javax.comm.ParallelPortEvent javax.comm.SerialPortEvent
javax.comm.ParallelPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener)
javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener)
javax.comm.NoSuchPortException javax.comm.PortInUseException
javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException
 
这些类和接口命名一看便知其意,就不做一一介绍啦,可以到官网或网上找到更详细的信息。下面先测试下所搭建的环境是否可用,主要代码如下:
Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
CommPortIdentifier portId;
while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
    portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();
    // 如果端口类型是串口,则打印出其端口信息
    if (portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) {
        System.out.println(portId.getName());
    }
}
运行代码后,控制台有输出正确的端口(如下图),说明所有环境正常可进行下步工作,否则请检查。

  最后要解决的就是与串口数据交互的问题。在这个问题上,最主要的难点就是数据读取,因为我们不知道端口什么时候会有数据到来,也不知数据长度如何。通常,串口通信应用程序有两种模式,一种是实现SerialPortEventListener接口,监听各种串口事件并作相应处理;另一种就是建立一个独立的接收线程专门负责数据的接收。参考众多老前辈的代码后,下面就采用第一种方式写了个简单的助手程序,具体的实现请看详细代码,如下:

package com.elkan1788.view;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.TextArea;
import java.awt.TextField;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TooManyListenersException;

import javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier;
import javax.comm.NoSuchPortException;
import javax.comm.PortInUseException;
import javax.comm.SerialPort;
import javax.comm.SerialPortEvent;
import javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener;
import javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class JavaRs232 extends JFrame implements ActionListener, SerialPortEventListener {

    /**
     * JDK Serial Version UID
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7270865686330790103L;

    protected int WIN_WIDTH = 380;
    
    protected int WIN_HEIGHT = 300;
    
    private JComboBox<?> portCombox, rateCombox, dataCombox, stopCombox, parityCombox; 
    
    private Button openPortBtn, closePortBtn, sendMsgBtn;
    
    private TextField sendTf;
    
    private TextArea readTa;
    
    private JLabel statusLb;
    
    private String portname, rate, data, stop, parity;
    
    protected CommPortIdentifier portId;
    
    protected Enumeration<?> ports;
    
    protected List<String> portList;

    protected SerialPort serialPort;

    protected OutputStream outputStream = null; 

protected InputStream inputStream = null; 
    
protected String mesg;
    
protected int sendCount, reciveCount;
    
    /**
     * 默认构造函数
     */
    public JavaRs232() {        
        super("Java RS-232串口通信测试程序   凡梦星尘");
        setSize(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        Image icon = null;
        try {
            icon = ImageIO.read(JavaRs232.class.getResourceAsStream("/res/rs232.png"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
        }
        setIconImage(icon);
        setResizable(false);
        scanPorts();
        initComponents();
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    
    /**
     * 初始化各UI组件
     * @since 2012-3-22 下午11:56:39
     */
    public void initComponents() {        
        // 共用常量
        Font lbFont = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 14);

        // 创建左边面板
        JPanel northPane = new JPanel();
        northPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1));
        // 设置左边面板各组件
        JPanel leftPane = new JPanel();        
        leftPane.setOpaque(false);
        leftPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        JLabel portnameLb = new JLabel("串口号:");
        portnameLb.setFont(lbFont);
        portnameLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        portCombox = new JComboBox<String>((String [])portList.toArray(new String[0]));
        portCombox.addActionListener(this);
        JLabel databitsLb = new JLabel("数据位:");
        databitsLb.setFont(lbFont);
        databitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        dataCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{5, 6, 7, 8});
        dataCombox.setSelectedIndex(3);
        dataCombox.addActionListener(this);
        JLabel parityLb = new JLabel("校验位:");
        parityLb.setFont(lbFont);
        parityLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        parityCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"NONE","ODD","EVEN","MARK","SPACE"});
        parityCombox.addActionListener(this);
        // 添加组件至面板
        leftPane.add(portnameLb);
        leftPane.add(portCombox);
        leftPane.add(databitsLb);
        leftPane.add(dataCombox);
        leftPane.add(parityLb);
        leftPane.add(parityCombox);

        //创建右边面板
        JPanel rightPane = new JPanel();
        rightPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        // 设置右边面板各组件
        JLabel baudrateLb = new JLabel("波特率:");
        baudrateLb.setFont(lbFont);
        baudrateLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        rateCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38400,56000});
        rateCombox.setSelectedIndex(2);
        rateCombox.addActionListener(this);
        JLabel stopbitsLb = new JLabel("停止位:");
        stopbitsLb.setFont(lbFont);
        stopbitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        stopCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"1","2","1.5"});
        stopCombox.addActionListener(this);
        openPortBtn = new Button("打开端口");
        openPortBtn.addActionListener(this);
        closePortBtn = new Button("关闭端口");    
        closePortBtn.addActionListener(this);
        // 添加组件至面板
        rightPane.add(baudrateLb);
        rightPane.add(rateCombox);
        rightPane.add(stopbitsLb);
        rightPane.add(stopCombox);
        rightPane.add(openPortBtn);
        rightPane.add(closePortBtn);
        // 将左右面板组合添加到北边的面板
        northPane.add(leftPane);
        northPane.add(rightPane);

        // 创建中间面板
        JPanel centerPane = new JPanel();
        // 设置中间面板各组件
        sendTf = new TextField(42);
        readTa = new TextArea(8,50);
        readTa.setEditable(false);
        readTa.setBackground(new Color(225,242,250));
        centerPane.add(sendTf);
        sendMsgBtn = new Button(" 发送 ");
        sendMsgBtn.addActionListener(this);
        // 添加组件至面板
        centerPane.add(sendTf);
        centerPane.add(sendMsgBtn);
        centerPane.add(readTa);
        
        // 设置南边组件
        statusLb = new JLabel();
        statusLb.setText(initStatus());
        statusLb.setOpaque(true);
        
        // 获取主窗体的容器,并将以上三面板以北、中、南的布局整合
        JPanel contentPane = (JPanel)getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, 0));
        contentPane.setOpaque(false);
        contentPane.add(northPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(centerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(statusLb, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }
    
    /**
     * 初始化状态标签显示文本
     * @return String
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:01:53
     */
    public String initStatus() {
        portname = portCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
        rate = rateCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
        data = dataCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
        stop = stopCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
        parity = parityCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
        
        StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer("当前串口号:");
        str.append(portname).append(" 波特率:");
        str.append(rate).append(" 数据位:");
        str.append(data).append(" 停止位:");
        str.append(stop).append(" 校验位:");
        str.append(parity);
        return str.toString();
    }
    
    /**
     * 扫描本机的所有COM端口
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:02:42
     */
    public void scanPorts() {
        portList = new ArrayList<String>();
        Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
        CommPortIdentifier portId;
        while(en.hasMoreElements()){
            portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();
            if(portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL){
                String name = portId.getName();
                if(!portList.contains(name)) {
                    portList.add(name);
                }
            }
        }
        if(null == portList 
                || portList.isEmpty()) {
            showErrMesgbox("未找到可用的串行端口号,程序无法启动!");
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 打开串行端口
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:03:07
     */
    public void openSerialPort() { 
        // 获取要打开的端口
        try {
            portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portname);
        } catch (NoSuchPortException e) {
            showErrMesgbox("抱歉,没有找到"+portname+"串行端口号!");
            setComponentsEnabled(true);
            return ;
        }
        // 打开端口
        try {
            serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("JavaRs232", 2000);
            statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经打开!");
        } catch (PortInUseException e) {
            showErrMesgbox(portname+"端口已被占用,请检查!");
            setComponentsEnabled(true);
            return ;
        }
        
        // 设置端口参数
        try {
            int rate = Integer.parseInt(this.rate);
            int data = Integer.parseInt(this.data);
            int stop = stopCombox.getSelectedIndex()+1;
            int parity = parityCombox.getSelectedIndex();
            serialPort.setSerialPortParams(rate,data,stop,parity);
        } catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {
            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
        }

        // 打开端口的IO流管道 
        try { 
            outputStream = serialPort.getOutputStream(); 
            inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream(); 
        } catch (IOException e) {
            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
        } 

        // 给端口添加监听器
        try { 
            serialPort.addEventListener(this); 
        } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
        } 

        serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true); 
    } 
    
    /**
     * 给串行端口发送数据
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:00
     */
    public void sendDataToSeriaPort() { 
        try { 
            sendCount++;
            outputStream.write(mesg.getBytes()); 
            outputStream.flush(); 

        } catch (IOException e) { 
            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
        } 
        
        statusLb.setText("  发送: "+sendCount+"                                      接收: "+reciveCount);
    } 
    
    /**
     * 关闭串行端口
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:28
     */
    public void closeSerialPort() { 
        try { 
            if(outputStream != null)
                outputStream.close();
            if(serialPort != null)
                serialPort.close(); 
            serialPort = null;
            statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经关闭!");
            sendCount = 0;
            reciveCount = 0;
            sendTf.setText("");
            readTa.setText("");
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
        } 
    }     
    
    /**
     * 显示错误或警告信息
     * @param msg 信息
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:47
     */
    public void showErrMesgbox(String msg) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);
    }

    /**
     * 各组件行为事件监听
     */
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(e.getSource() == portCombox
                || e.getSource() == rateCombox
                || e.getSource() == dataCombox
                || e.getSource() == stopCombox
                || e.getSource() == parityCombox){
            statusLb.setText(initStatus());
        }
        if(e.getSource() == openPortBtn){
            setComponentsEnabled(false);            
            openSerialPort();
        }
        if(e.getSource() == closePortBtn){
            if(serialPort != null){
                closeSerialPort();
            }
            setComponentsEnabled(true);
        }
        
        if(e.getSource() == sendMsgBtn){
            if(serialPort == null){
                showErrMesgbox("请先打开串行端口!");
                return ;
            }
            mesg = sendTf.getText();
            if(null == mesg || mesg.isEmpty()){
                showErrMesgbox("请输入你要发送的内容!");
                return ;
            }
            sendDataToSeriaPort();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 端口事件监听
     */
    public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) {
        switch (event.getEventType()) {
            case SerialPortEvent.BI:
            case SerialPortEvent.OE:
            case SerialPortEvent.FE:
            case SerialPortEvent.PE:
            case SerialPortEvent.CD:
            case SerialPortEvent.CTS:
            case SerialPortEvent.DSR:
            case SerialPortEvent.RI:
            case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:
                break;
            case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:
                byte[] readBuffer = new byte[50];

            try {
                while (inputStream.available() > 0) {
                    inputStream.read(readBuffer);
                }
                StringBuilder receivedMsg = new StringBuilder("/-- ");
                receivedMsg.append(new String(readBuffer).trim()).append(" --/\n");
                readTa.append(receivedMsg.toString());
                reciveCount++;
                statusLb.setText("  发送: "+sendCount+"                                      接收: "+reciveCount);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置各组件的开关状态
     * @param enabled 状态
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:24
     */
    public void setComponentsEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);
        openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);
        portCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
        rateCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
        dataCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
        stopCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
        parityCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
    }
    
    /**
     * 运行主函数
     * @param args
     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:45
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JavaRs232();        
    }
}
代码编写完成,按下F11键进入调试状态,一切运行正常良好,请看图:
1.启动界面

 

2.端口检测

 

3. 通讯测试

  

最后再抽空来美化程序下,效果更漂亮,谁还会说JAVA程序的界面丑陋呢,呵呵...




 

 第一次发文虽没有什么技术含量但也实属不易哪,欢迎大家拍砖,嘻嘻....

 

posted @ 2014-12-17 14:00  闲云远客  阅读(6159)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报