linux常用命令(配置查看,定时任务)
1.查看所有待挂载设备信息
fdisk -l
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00002f03 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 226170879 113084416 83 Linux /dev/sda2 226172926 234440703 4133889 5 Extended /dev/sda5 226172928 234440703 4133888 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3025e656 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 614402047 307200000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb2 614402048 1228802047 307200000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb3 1228802048 1953519615 362358784 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
2.查看cpu信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 60 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 3 microcode : 0x19 cpu MHz : 3443.429 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm bogomips : 6796.22 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 60 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 3 microcode : 0x19 cpu MHz : 3399.601 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 1 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 2 initial apicid : 2 fdiv_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm bogomips : 6796.22 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 2 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 60 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 3 microcode : 0x19 cpu MHz : 3400.000 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 2 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 4 initial apicid : 4 fdiv_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm bogomips : 6796.22 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 3 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 60 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4670 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 3 microcode : 0x19 cpu MHz : 3400.000 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 3 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 6 initial apicid : 6 fdiv_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm bogomips : 6796.22 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
3.查看内存信息
cat /proc/meminfo
cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4090736 kB MemFree: 1628156 kB MemAvailable: 2270864 kB Buffers: 7984 kB Cached: 991184 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1458132 kB Inactive: 838020 kB Active(anon): 1102336 kB Inactive(anon): 377500 kB Active(file): 355796 kB Inactive(file): 460520 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 3227012 kB HighFree: 1084212 kB LowTotal: 863724 kB LowFree: 543944 kB SwapTotal: 4133884 kB SwapFree: 4133884 kB Dirty: 308 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 1297060 kB Mapped: 605736 kB Shmem: 182856 kB Slab: 53976 kB SReclaimable: 30016 kB SUnreclaim: 23960 kB KernelStack: 4592 kB PageTables: 16260 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 6179252 kB Committed_AS: 6168352 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 52824 kB VmallocChunk: 61204 kB AnonHugePages: 520192 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 378872 kB DirectMap2M: 530432 kB
4.硬盘速度测试
hdparm -Tt /dev/sda1
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: Timing cached reads: 22580 MB in 2.00 seconds = 11305.77 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 1094 MB in 3.01 seconds = 363.90 MB/sec
5.cron执行定时任务
crontab -l查看定时任务列表
crontab -e 编辑定时任务
5.1简单的定时任务编辑示范
crontab -e
# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron. # # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line # indicating with different fields when the task will be run # and what command to run for the task # # To define the time you can provide concrete values for # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon), # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system # daemon's notion of time and timezones. # # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected). # # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts # at 5 a.m every week with: # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/ # # For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8) # # m h dom mon dow command
#
##每隔一分钟输出时间到文件
*/2 * * * * echodate >> $HOME>test.txt
5.2 查看定时任务列表
crontab -l
# crontab -l # Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron. # # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line # indicating with different fields when the task will be run # and what command to run for the task # # To define the time you can provide concrete values for # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon), # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system # daemon's notion of time and timezones. # # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected). # # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts # at 5 a.m every week with: # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/ # # For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8) # # m h dom mon dow command */2 * * * * date >> $HOME>test.txt
5.3查看定时任务运行效果
tail -f ~/test.txt
tail -f ~/test.txt 2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:24:01 CST 2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:26:01 CST 2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:28:01 CST 2015年 10月 02日 星期五 10:30:01 CST
5.4 crontab补充
5.4.1 开启corntab 服务 /etc/init.d/cron start
5.4.2 开机启动corntab
vim /etc/rc.local 添加需要启动的服务
例如
#!/bin/sh -e # # rc.local # # when machine startup, blow scripts will run. # # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel. # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other # value on error. # # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution # bits. # # By default this script does nothing. export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S `whoami` " exit 0 ~
5.5 开启crontab日志
将cron.*前面的注释符去掉 1. 修改rsyslog(大致是第10行): sudo vim /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf #cron.* /var/log/cron.log 2. 重启rsyslog: sudo service rsyslog restart 3. 查看crontab日志: tail -f /var/log/cron.log | nl
