https://charlesliuyx.github.io/2018/02/18/%E3%80%90%E7%9B%B4%E8%A7%82%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E3%80%91%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E6%B0%B8%E8%BF%9C%E5%BF%98%E4%B8%8D%E4%BA%86%E7%9A%84%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/
平移变换 2(右移两个单位)拉伸成原来的 2^2=4 倍
平移变换 -1 一次是收缩为原来的 1/2