django-Form组件
1 Form表单定义
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets import re from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class UserLogin(Form): username = fields.CharField( required=True, error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'txtcss_user'}) ) password = fields.CharField( required=True, error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空'}, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'txtcss_pwd'}) ) def mobile_validate(value): mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$') if not mobile_re.match(value): raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误') class SignUpForm(Form): username=fields.CharField( min_length=5,max_length=20, error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空', 'min_length': u'用户名最少为5个字符', 'max_length': u'标题最多为20个字符', }, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual txt_username",'placeholder': u'用户名5-20个字符'}) ) phone = fields.CharField( validators=[mobile_validate, ], error_messages={'required': '手机号不能为空'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual",'placeholder': u'手机号码'}) ) password=fields.CharField( min_length=5, error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空','min_length': u'密码最少为5个字符',}, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual",'placeholder': u'密码'}) ) pwd_confirm=fields.CharField( error_messages={'required': '确认密码不能为空'}, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual",'placeholder': u'确认密码'}) ) email=fields.EmailField( required=False, error_messages={'required': '邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual",'placeholder': u'邮箱'}) ) def clean(self): pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("password") pwd_confirm = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd_confirm") if pwd == pwd_confirm: return self.cleaned_data else: self.add_error("pwd_confirm",ValidationError("密码输入不一致")) return self.cleaned_data
2 Form表单使用
2.1 views视图
if request.method == 'POST': response = {'status': True, 'data': None, 'msg': None, 'query': None} valid_code = request.POST.get("valid_code") session_valid = request.session.get("valid_code") if valid_code.upper() == session_valid.upper(): regForm = forms.SignUpForm(request.POST) if regForm.is_valid(): username=regForm.cleaned_data.get("username") password=regForm.cleaned_data.get("password") email=regForm.cleaned_data.get("email") phone = regForm.cleaned_data.get("phone") user=models.UserInfo.objects.create_user( username=username, password=password, email=email, telephone=phone, ) else: print(regForm.errors) response["status"] = False response["msg"]=regForm.errors # errors只存错误字段 else: response['status'] = False response['query'] = '验证码错误。' return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response)) else: regForm = forms.SignUpForm() return render(request,'signup.html',{"form":regForm})
2.2 模板中的signup.html
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>注册</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/login.css' %}"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/_layout.min.css' %}"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1" style="border-radius: 8px;border: 1px solid #e1e1e8;margin-top: 100px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e1e8;margin-bottom: 30px;"> <h3>注册新用户</h3> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12" style="line-height: 50px;font-size: 18px;"> <form id="form1"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4" style="text-align: right;"> <label for="username">用户名:</label> </div> <div class="col-md-8">{{ form.username }}</div> <input id="is_exist_user" type="hidden" value="False" /> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4" style="text-align: right;"> <label for="email">邮箱:</label> </div> <div class="col-md-8">{{ form.email }}</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4" style="text-align: right;"> <label for="phone">手机号:</label> </div> <div class="col-md-8">{{ form.phone }}</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4" style="text-align: right;"> <label for="password">密码:</label> </div> <div class="col-md-8">{{ form.password }}</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4" style="text-align: right;"> <label for="pwd_confirm">确认密码:</label> </div> <div class="col-md-8">{{ form.pwd_confirm }}</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4" style="text-align: right;"> <label for="valid_code">验证码:</label> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <input type="text" name="valid_code" class="txtcss_code" placeholder="验证码"/> <a href="#"><img class="valid_img" src="/get_valid_img/" mypath="/get_valid_img/" alt="ok" width="200" height="40"></a> </div> </div> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <div class="col-md-7" style="text-align: right;"> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" style="width:150px" onclick="submitForm();" id="submit">注册</a> </div> <div class="col-md-5"> <span id="login_fail"></span> </div> {% csrf_token %} </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12" style="text-align: center;font-size: 16px; margin-top: 30px;"> © 2017-2020 www.ship.com.cn All Rights Reserved.我的博客 版权所有 </div> </div> </div> <script src="{% static 'js/jquery-2.2.0.min.js' %}"></script> <script src="{% static 'js/jquery.cookie.js' %}"></script> <script src="{% static 'js/jquery.myConfirm.js' %}"></script> <script src="{% static 'js/nav-iconfont.js' %}"></script> <script src="{% static 'js/_layout.min.js' %}"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(".valid_img").click(function () { console.log($(this).attr("mypath")+Math.random()); $(this)[0].src=$(this).attr("mypath")+Math.random(); }); $(".txt_username").blur(function () { var username = $(this).val(); // 判断输入框是否为空 if (username == ""){ return false; } $.ajax({ url: '/valid_username/', type: 'POST', data: {"username":username,"csrfmiddlewaretoken":$("input[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()}, dataType: 'JSON', success: function (arg) { if (arg.status) { $("#is_exist_user").val("True"); var tag = document.createElement('span'); tag.innerHTML = "用户名存在"; tag.className = "error"; $('#form1 input[name="username"]').after(tag); } else { $("#is_exist_user").val("False"); } } }) }); function submitForm() { if($("#is_exist_user").val()=="True"){ return false; } $('#form1 .error').remove(); $.ajax({ url: '/signup/', type: 'POST', data: $('#form1').serialize(), dataType: 'JSON', success: function (arg) { if (arg.status) { location.href = "/login/"; } else { if (arg.query) { var tag = document.createElement('span'); tag.innerHTML = arg.query; tag.className = "error"; $('#login_fail').after(tag); } $.each(arg.msg, function (k, v) { var tag = document.createElement('span'); tag.innerHTML = v[0]; tag.className = "error"; $('#form1 input[name="' + k + '"]').after(tag); }) } } }) } </script> </body> </html>
3 Form表单钩子
class SignUpForm(Form): username=fields.CharField( min_length=5,max_length=20, error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空', 'min_length': u'用户名最少为5个字符', 'max_length': u'标题最多为20个字符', }, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual txt_username",'placeholder': u'用户名5-20个字符'}) ) password=fields.CharField( min_length=5, error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空','min_length': u'密码最少为5个字符',}, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual",'placeholder': u'密码'}) ) pwd_confirm=fields.CharField( error_messages={'required': '确认密码不能为空'}, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "txtcss_usual",'placeholder': u'确认密码'}) ) def clean(self): pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("password") pwd_confirm = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd_confirm") if pwd == pwd_confirm: return self.cleaned_data else: self.add_error("pwd_confirm",ValidationError("密码输入不一致")) return self.cleaned_data
4 内置字段
Field required=True, 是否允许为空 widget=None, HTML插件 label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示) error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'} show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直) validators=[], 自定义验证规则 localize=False, 是否支持本地化 disabled=False, 是否可以编辑 label_suffix=None Label内容后缀 CharField(Field) max_length=None, 最大长度 min_length=None, 最小长度 strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白 IntegerField(Field) max_value=None, 最大值 min_value=None, 最小值 FloatField(IntegerField) ... DecimalField(IntegerField) max_value=None, 最大值 min_value=None, 最小值 max_digits=None, 总长度 decimal_places=None, 小数位长度 BaseTemporalField(Field) input_formats=None 时间格式化 DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:2015-09-01 TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:11:12 DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12 DurationField(Field) 时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f ... RegexField(CharField) regex, 自定制正则表达式 max_length=None, 最大长度 min_length=None, 最小长度 error_message=None, 忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'} EmailField(CharField) ... FileField(Field) allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件 ImageField(FileField) ... 注:需要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow 以上两个字典使用时,需要注意两点: - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data" - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES) URLField(Field) ... BooleanField(Field) ... NullBooleanField(BooleanField) ... ChoiceField(Field) ... choices=(), 选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),) required=True, 是否必填 widget=None, 插件,默认select插件 label=None, Label内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text='', 帮助提示 ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField) ... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据 empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容 to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段 limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选 ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField) ... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField) coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换 empty_value= '' 空值的默认值 MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField) ... TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField) coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换 empty_value= '' 空值的默认值 ComboField(Field) fields=() 使用多个验证,如下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式 fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),]) MultiValueField(Field) PS: 抽象类,子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用 SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField) input_date_formats=None, 格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y'] input_time_formats=None 格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M'] FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中 path, 文件夹路径 match=None, 正则匹配 recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹 allow_files=True, 允许文件 allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹 required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text='' GenericIPAddressField protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式 unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址,如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用 SlugField(CharField) 数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符) ... UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型
5 内置插件
TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
RadioSelect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget
6 常用插件
# 单radio,值为字符串 user = fields.CharField( initial=2, widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) ) # 单radio,值为字符串 user = fields.ChoiceField( choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), initial=2, widget=widgets.RadioSelect ) # 单select,值为字符串 user = fields.CharField( initial=2, widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) ) # 单select,值为字符串 user = fields.ChoiceField( choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), initial=2, widget=widgets.Select ) # 多选select,值为列表 user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),), initial=[1,], widget=widgets.SelectMultiple ) # 单checkbox user = fields.CharField( widget=widgets.CheckboxInput() ) # 多选checkbox,值为列表 user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( initial=[2, ], choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple )