21.子查询

SQL语句中嵌套SELECT语句,称谓嵌套查询,又称子查询。

SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = ( SELECT column1 FROM t2);

子查询外部的语句可以是 INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE / SELECT 的任何一个
根据子查询结果可以分为:

标量子查询(子查询结果为单个值)
列子查询(子查询结果为一列)
行子查询(子查询结果为一行)
表子查询(子查询结果为多行多列)

根据子查询位置可分为:

WHERE 之后
FROM 之后
SELECT 之后

标量子查询
子查询返回的结果是单个值(数字、字符串、日期等)。
常用操作符:- < > > >= < <=
例子:

-- 查询销售部所有员工
select id from dept where name = '销售部';
-- 根据销售部部门ID,查询员工信息
select * from employee where dept = 4;
-- 合并(子查询)
select * from employee where dept = (select id from dept where name = '销售部');

-- 查询xxx入职之后的员工信息
select * from employee where entrydate > (select entrydate from employee where name = 'xxx');

列子查询
返回的结果是一列(可以是多行)。
常用操作符:

| 操作符    | 描述                       |
| ------ | ------------------------ |
| IN     | 在指定的集合范围内,多选一            |
| NOT IN | 不在指定的集合范围内               |
| ANY    | 子查询返回列表中,有任意一个满足即可       |
| SOME   | 与ANY等同,使用SOME的地方都可以使用ANY |
| ALL    | 子查询返回列表的所有值都必须满足         |

例子:

-- 查询销售部和市场部的所有员工信息
select * from employee where dept in (select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部');
-- 查询比财务部所有人工资都高的员工信息
select * from employee where salary > all(select salary from employee where dept = (select id from dept where name = '财务部'));
-- 查询比研发部任意一人工资高的员工信息
select * from employee where salary > any (select salary from employee where dept = (select id from dept where name = '研发部'));

行子查询
返回的结果是一行(可以是多列)。
常用操作符:=, <, >, IN, NOT IN
例子:

-- 查询与xxx的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息
select * from employee where (salary, manager) = (12500, 1);
select * from employee where (salary, manager) = (select salary, manager from employee where name = 'xxx');

表子查询
返回的结果是多行多列
常用操作符:IN
例子:

-- 查询与xxx1,xxx2的职位和薪资相同的员工
select * from employee where (job, salary) in (select job, salary from employee where name = 'xxx1' or name = 'xxx2');
-- 查询入职日期是2006-01-01之后的员工,及其部门信息
select e.*, d.* from (select * from employee where entrydate > '2006-01-01') as e left join dept as d on e.dept = d.id;
posted @ 2024-09-09 17:11  test369  阅读(6)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报