Django (一)
一. 基本配置
1. 数据库
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME':'dbname',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'xxx',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}
# 由于Django内部连接MySQL时使用的是MySQLdb模块，而python3中还无此模块，所以需要使用pymysql来代替
# 如下设置放置的与project同名的配置的 __init__.py文件中
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
2. 模版
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),
)
3. 静态文件
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)
4. 新增APP
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01',
'app02',
]
二. 路由配置系统（URLconf）
URL配置(URLconf)就像Django 所支撑网站的目录。它的本质是URL与要为该URL调用的视图函数之间的映射表；你就是以这种方式告诉Django，对于这个URL调用这段代码
对于那个URL调用那段代码
urlpatterns = [
url(正则表达式, views视图函数，参数，别名),
]
参数说明：
一个正则表达式字符串
一个可调用对象，通常为一个视图函数或一个指定视图函数路径的字符串
可选的要传递给视图函数的默认参数（字典形式）
一个可选的name参数
1. 单一路由对应
url(r'^index$', views.index)
2. 基于正则的路由
# $
url(r'^index/(\d{4})$',views.index)
#无命名分组
url(r'^index/(\d{4})/(\d{2})',views.index)
#有命名分组
url(r'^index/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})',views.index)
############################无命名 #-----------------() 相当于传参数 url(r'^index/(\d{4})',views.index) def index(request,arg): return HttpResponse(arg) #url访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/1113 1113 #-----------------() 接受两个参数 url(r'^index/(\d{4})/(\d{2})',views.index) def index(request,arg,arg1): return HttpResponse("year: %s month: %s"%(arg,arg1)) #url访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/2017/06 year: 2017 month: 06 ############################有命名 url(r'^index/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})',views.index) def index(request,year,month): return HttpResponse("year: %s month: %s"%(year,month)) #url访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/2017/06 year: 2017 month: 06
3. 为路由映射设置名称
#应用一：
url(r'^index',views.index,name="arg")
{{ url "arg" }} 匹配index
{{ url "arg" i}}
#应用二:
reverse反向获取url
##############根据url反生成名字 from django.shortcuts import reverse url(r'^index',views.index,name="arg") def index(request): v = reverse("arg") print(v) return HttpResponse() #用户访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/index /index ##############根据url改变url url(r'^index/(\d+)/',views.index,name="n1") def index(request,xx): v = reverse('n1',args=(1,)) print(v) return HttpResponse("...") #访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/222/ /index/1/
4. 路由分发
url(r'^app01/',include("app01.urls"))
url(r'^app02/',include("app02.urls"))
#没有匹配成功,返回默认页面
url(r'^',include("views.default"))
三 .Model
a. 创建表
from django.db import models class User_type(models.Model): uid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=32) class User_info(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.CharField(max_length=32) ut = models.ForeignKey("User_type") python3 manage.py makemigrations python3 manage.py migrate ---------------------其它--------------------- class part(models.Model): cid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=False) class student(models.Model): sid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=False) pub_data=models.DateField() age = models.IntegerField(default=18) # 新增加的列 如果原先表里有值,写default ug = models.ForeignKey("part",null=True) #如果新增加外键，加null=True
b. ORM操作
#增 # models.User_type.objects.create(title="黑金用户") # obj = models.User_type(title="小白用户") # obj.save() #删 #models.User_type.objects.filter(title="小白用户").delete() # 删除指定条件的数据 #改 #models.User_type.objects.filter(title="黑金用户").update(title="黑卡用户") # 修改指定条件的数据 #查 # models.User_type.objects.get(title="大白用户") # 获取单条数据，不存在则报错（不建议） # models.User_type.objects.all() # 获取全部 # models.User_type.objects.filter(title="小白用户") # 获取指定条件的数据 # models.User_type.objects.exclude(title="黄金用户") # 排除指定条件的数据
# 获取个数 models.User_info.objects.filter(age=18).count() # 大于 小于 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1) # 获取id大于1的值 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gte=1) # 获取id大于等于1的值 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10) # 获取id小于10的值 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lte=10) # 获取id小于10的值 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1,id__lt=10) # 获取id大于1 且 小于10的值 #in models.User_info.objects.filter(age__in=[19]) # in models.User_info.objects.exclude(age__in=[19]) # not in # isnull models.User_info.objects.filter(age__isnull=True) # age列为不为空 models.User_info.objects.filter(age__isnull=False) # age列是不是 不为空 # contains # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven") # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains大小写不敏感 # models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven") # range # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 5]) # 范围bettwen and #开始 结束 # startswith，istartswith, endswith, iendswith #order_by #models.User_info.objects.all().order_by("id") # asc #models.User_info.objects.all().order_by("-id") # desc # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('id') # asc # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('-id') # desc #group by #后面出现filter代表having from django.db.models import Count #models.User_info.objects.values("name","age").annotate() #没有起作用 #SELECT "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age" FROM "app01_user_info" #models.User_info.objects.values("age").annotate(xxx=Count("age")) #SELECT "app01_user_info"."age", COUNT("app01_user_info"."age") AS "xxx" FROM "app01_user_info" GROUP BY "app01_user_info"."age" #models.User_info.objects.values("age").annotate(xxx=Count("age")).filter(xxx__gt=2) #年龄相同次数大于2的查出来 #SELECT "app01_user_info"."age", COUNT("app01_user_info"."age") AS "xxx" FROM "app01_user_info" GROUP BY "app01_user_info"."age" HAVING COUNT("app01_user_info"."age") > 2 #注意两次filter 第一次代表where 第二次代表having #models.User_info.objects.filter(id__gt=2).values("age").annotate(xxx=Count("age")).filter(xxx__gt=2) #SELECT "app01_user_info"."age", COUNT("app01_user_info"."age") AS "xxx" FROM "app01_user_info" WHERE "app01_user_info"."id" > 2 GROUP BY "app01_user_info"."age" HAVING COUNT("app01_user_info"."age") > 2
# F # from django.db.models import F # models.User_info.objects.all().update(age=F("age")+5) # age列加5 # Q # 方式一： # Q(nid__gt=10) # Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10) # Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption='root') #-------------------------------以下三种查找方式相同效果 # obj = models.User_info.objects.filter(id=307,name="egon") # condition ={ # 'id':307, # 'name':'egon', # } # obj = models.User_info.objects.filter(**condition) #obj = models.User_info.objects.filter(Q(id=307) & Q(name="egon")) --------------------------------- # 方式二： # q1 = Q() # q1.connector = 'OR' # q1.children.append(('id', 1)) # q1.children.append(('id', 10)) # q1.children.append(('id', 9)) # q2 = Q() # q2.connector = 'OR' # q2.children.append(('c1', 1)) # q2.children.append(('c1', 10)) # q2.children.append(('c1', 9)) # q3 = Q() # q3.connector = 'AND' # q3.children.append(('id', 1)) # q3.children.append(('id', 2)) # q1.add(q3, 'OR') # con = Q() # con.add(q1, 'AND') # con.add(q2, 'AND') #(id=1 or id=10 or id=9 or (id=1 and id=2)) and (c1=1 or c1=10 or c1=9) #等于上面 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(con) # Q演示 condition_dict = { 'k1':[1,2,3,4], 'k2':[1,], 'k3':[11,] } con = Q() for k,v in condition_dict.items(): q = Q() q.connector = 'OR' for i in v: q.children.append(('id',1)) con.add(q,'AND') models.User_info.objects.filter(con)
# extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None) # a. 映射 select select_params=None select 此处 from 表 # b. 条件 where=None params=None select * from 表 where 此处 # c. 表 table select * from 表,此处 # d. 排序 prder_by=None select * from 表 order by 此处 result = models.User_info.objects.extra( select={"newid":"selet count(1) from app01_usertype where id>%s"}, select_params=[1,], where = ["age>%s"], params=[18,], order_by=["-age"], tables=["app01_usertype"] ) SELECT (selet count(1) from app01_usertype where id>1) AS "newid", "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" , "app01_usertype" WHERE (age>18) ORDER BY "app01_user_info"."age" DESC #------------------------------------- v = models.User_info.objects.all().extra( select={'n':"select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid >2"} ) SELECT (select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid >2) AS "n", "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" #------------------------------------- v = models.User_info.objects.all().extra( select={'n':"select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid=%s or uid=%s"}, select_params=[1,3] ) SELECT (select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid=1 or uid=3) AS "n", "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" #------------- select_params ------------------------ v = models.User_info.objects.all().extra( select={ 'm':"select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid=%s or uid=%s", 'n':"select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid=%s or uid=%s", },select_params=[1,2,3,4]) SELECT (select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid=1 or uid=2) AS "m", (select count(1) from app01_user_type where uid=3 or uid=4) AS "n", "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" #-------------- where ----------------------- v = models.User_info.objects.extra( where=["id=%s or id=%s","name=%s"], params=[1,307,"egon"] ) SELECT "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" WHERE (id=1 or id=307) AND (name=egon) #-------------- table ----------------------- #笛卡尔积 #示例一： result = models.User_info.objects.extra( tables=["app01_user_type"], ) SELECT "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" , "app01_user_type" #示例二: result = models.User_info.objects.extra( tables=["app01_user_type"], where=["app01_usertype.id = app01_userinfo.ut_id"] ) SELECT "app01_user_info"."id", "app01_user_info"."name", "app01_user_info"."age", "app01_user_info"."ut_id" FROM "app01_user_info" , "app01_user_type" WHERE (app01_usertype.id = app01_userinfo.ut_id)
# 获取到querySet里面的结果如果是对象 循环对象. 实现跨表 结果如果是{}或(),取值时__实现跨表 models.UserInfo.object.all() #获取到querySet 里面是对象类型 [obj,obj,obj] #对象可以分装很多值,可以跨表 models.UserInfo.object.all().values("id","name") #获取到querySet 里面是字典类型 [{},{},{},{}] #obj["id"],obj["name"] models.UserInfo.object.all().values_list("id","name") #获取到querySet 里面是元组类型 [(),(),()] #obj[0],obj[1] models.UserInfo.object.all().values("id","name","ut__title")
c. 多对多操作
方式一：通过外键创建第三张表
m = models.ManyToManyField("Girl") #如果下面写成这种方式会创建4张表
m = models.ManyToManyField("Girl",through="Love",through_fields=("b","g",)) #会生成3张表
ManyToManyField
class Boy(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Girl(models.Model):
nick = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Love(models.Model):
b = models.ForeignKey("Boy")
g = models.ForeignKey("Girl")
class Meta:
unique_together = [
("b","g"),
]
#表里插入数据 objs = [ models.Boy(name='方少伟'), models.Boy(name='游勤斌'), models.Boy(name='于浩'), models.Boy(name='陈涛'), ] models.Boy.objects.bulk_create(objs,4) result = [ models.Girl(nick='于浩姐姐'), models.Girl(nick='景甜'), models.Girl(nick='刘亦非'), models.Girl(nick='苍老师'), ] models.Girl.objects.bulk_create(result, 4) models.Love.objects.create(b_id=1,g_id=1) models.Love.objects.create(b_id=1,g_id=2) models.Love.objects.create(b_id=1,g_id=3) models.Love.objects.create(b_id=2,g_id=4) ################### 查找和我有关系的女孩 四种方式 ################ obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name="方少伟").first() love_list = obj.love_set.all() for row in love_list: print(row.g.nick) love_list = models.Love.objects.filter(b__name="方少伟") for row in love_list: print(row.g.nick) #下面两个效果好 love_list = models.Love.objects.filter(b__name="方少伟").values("g__nick") for item in love_list: print(item["g__nick"]) love_list = models.Love.objects.filter(b__name="方少伟").select_related("g") for obj in love_list: print(obj.g.nick)
方式二：通过 ManyToManyField 创建第三张表
class Boy(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField("Girl")
class Girl(models.Model):
nick = models.CharField(max_length=32)
obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name="方少伟").first() # print(obj.id,obj.name) # obj.m.add(2) # obj.m.add(1,3) # obj.m.add(*[4,]) # obj.m.remove(2) # obj.m.remove(1,3) # obj.m.remove(*[4,]) # obj.m.set([1,4,]) # girl_list = obj.m.all() # girl_list = obj.m.filter(nick="苍老师") # obj.m.clear() obj = models.Girl.objects.filter(nick="苍老师").first() v = obj.boy_set.all()
方式三：通过 外键 和 ManyToManyField 创建
class Boy(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField("Girl",through="Love",through_fields=("b","g",))
class Girl(models.Model):
nick = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Love(models.Model):
b = models.ForeignKey("Boy")
g = models.ForeignKey("Girl")
class Meta:
unique_together = [
("b","g"),
]
obj = models.Boy.objects.filter(name="方少伟").first() #只可以查或清空 obj.m.clear() obj.m.all()
d. 一对多
# 对象连表正向操作: objSet = models.User_info.objects.all() for obj in objSet: print(obj.name, obj.age, obj.ut.title) # 对象连表反向操作: objSet = models.User_type.objects.all() for row in objSet: print(row.title, row.user_info_set.all()) for i in row.user_info_set.all(): print(i.name) # value连表正向操作: obj = models.User_info.objects.values("ut__title","name") for row in obj: print(row) # value连表反向操作: obj = models.User_type.objects.values("user_info__name","title") for row in obj: print(row)
1.连表操作演示
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^test/', views.test), ]
class User_type(models.Model): uid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=32) class User_info(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.CharField(max_length=32) ut = models.ForeignKey("User_type")
def test(request): models.User_type.objects.create(title="普通用户") models.User_type.objects.create(title="白金用户") models.User_type.objects.create(title="黄金用户") models.User_info.objects.create(name="小鸡",age=18,ut_id=1) models.User_info.objects.create(name="小狗",age=18,ut_id=2) models.User_info.objects.create(name="小猫",age=18,ut_id=2) models.User_info.objects.create(name="小雨",age=18,ut_id=3) models.User_info.objects.create(name="大雨",age=18,ut_id=1) for i in range(300): name = "root" + str(i) models.User_info.objects.create(name=name, age=18, ut_id=1) #正向操作 obj = models.User_info.objects.all().first() print(obj.name,obj.age,obj.ut.title) #反向操作 obj.表名小写_set.all() obj = models.User_type.objects.all().first() for row in obj.user_info_set.all(): print(row.name,row.age) result = models.User_type.objects.all() for item in result: print(item.title,item.user_info_set.all()) print(item.user_info_set.filter(name="小雨")) #字典格式 result = models.User_info.objects.all().values("id","name") for row in result: print(row) #字典格式查的时候跨表 result = models.User_info.objects.all().values("id","name","ut__title") for row in result: print(row["id"],row["name"],row["ut__title"]) # 元组格式 # result = models.User_info.objects.all().values_list("id","name") # for row in result: # print(row) return HttpResponse(".....")
e. 关联
1. 方式一：
class UserInfo(models.Model): nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32) username = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) gender_choices = ( (1,'男'), (2,'女'), ) gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices) # obj对象男.a.all() 反向查找 # obj对象女.b.all() 反向查找 class U2U(models.Model): b = models.ForeignKey("UserInfo",related_name="a") g = models.ForeignKey("UserInfo",related_name="b") # obj对象男.a_set.all() 反向查找 # obj对象女.b_set.all() 反向查找 # class U2U(models.Model): # b = models.ForeignKey("UserInfo",related_query_name="a") # g = models.ForeignKey("UserInfo",related_query_name="b")
# models.U2U.objects.create(b_id=2,g_id=5) # models.U2U.objects.create(b_id=2,g_id=4) # models.U2U.objects.create(b_id=2,g_id=6) #这种方式也是插入的ID # boy = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(gender=1,id=2).first() # girl = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(gender=2,id=5).first() # models.U2U.objects.create(b_id=boy,g_id=girl)
two = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=2).first() result = two.girls.all() for u in result: print(u.g.nickname)
2. 方式二：
class UserInfo(models.Model): nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32) username = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) gender_choices = ( (1,'男'), (2,'女'), ) gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices) m = models.ManyToManyField("UserInfo") #-------------------------------------------- # 男生查女生 # xz.m 用的第二张表的第一列 xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first() u = xz.m.all() for row in u: print(row.nickname) # 女生查男生 # xz.userinfo_set 用的第二张表的第二列 xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).first() v = xz.userinfo_set.all() for row in v: print(row.nickname)
f: 例子
from django.db import models class UserInfo(models.Model): """ 用户表 """ nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=32, unique=True) password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=64) nickname = models.CharField(verbose_name='昵称', max_length=32) email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', unique=True) avatar = models.ImageField(verbose_name='头像') create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True) fans = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='粉丝们', to='UserInfo', through='UserFans', related_name='f', through_fields=('user', 'follower')) class Blog(models.Model): """ 博客信息 """ nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64) site = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客前缀', max_length=32, unique=True) theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32) user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo', to_field='nid') class UserFans(models.Model): """ 互粉关系表 """ user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='博主', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', related_name='users') follower = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='粉丝', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', related_name='followers') class Meta: unique_together = [ ('user', 'follower'), ] class Category(models.Model): """ 博主个人文章分类表 """ nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32) blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid') class ArticleDetail(models.Model): """ 文章详细表 """ content = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章内容', ) article = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='所属文章', to='Article', to_field='nid') class UpDown(models.Model): """ 文章顶或踩 """ article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to='Article', to_field='nid') user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='赞或踩用户', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid') up = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='是否赞') class Meta: unique_together = [ ('article', 'user'), ] class Comment(models.Model): """ 评论表 """ nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255) create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True) reply = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='回复评论', to='self', related_name='back', null=True) article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid') user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid') class Tag(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32) blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid') class Article(models.Model): nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(verbose_name='文章标题', max_length=128) summary = models.CharField(verbose_name='文章简介', max_length=255) read_count = models.IntegerField(default=0) comment_count = models.IntegerField(default=0) up_count = models.IntegerField(default=0) down_count = models.IntegerField(default=0) create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True) blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid') category = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章类型', to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True) type_choices = [ (1, "Python"), (2, "Linux"), (3, "OpenStack"), (4, "GoLang"), ] article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices, default=None) tags = models.ManyToManyField( to="Tag", through='Article2Tag', through_fields=('article', 'tag'), ) class Article2Tag(models.Model): article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid') tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid') class Meta: unique_together = [ ('article', 'tag'), ]
#一对多 获取当前博客所有文章
#正向
models.Article.objects.filter(blog=blog)
models.Article.objects.filter(blog_id=blog.nid)
#反向
blog = models.Blog.objects.filter(site=site).first()
blog.article_set.all()
# 一对一 将blog和userinfo连接在一起，再根据site进行筛选
# 正向 通过博客，获取用户信息：
blog = models.Blog.objects.filter(site=site).first()
print(blog.user.nickname)
models.Blog.objects.filter(site=site).values('site','user__nickname')
#反向
v = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(blog__site=site).values('blog__site','nickname')
obj = models.Blog.objects.filter(site=site).first()
print(obj.user.nickname)
#反向 给用户名，获取博客后缀
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='sw').first()
print(obj.blog.site)
-------------------------------------------------------------- all() [obj,obj,obj] filter() [obj,obj,obj] first() obj values("uid","title") [{},{},{}] value_list() [(),(),()] models.user_info.objects.values("uid","title") [ {"uid":1,"title":"CEO"},{"uid":2,"title":"CTO"},{"uid":3,"title":"CFO"} models.User_type.objects.values_list("uid","title") [(1, 'CEO'), (2, 'CFO')] --------------------------------------------------------------- 一对多: class User_type(models.Model): uid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=32) class User_info(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.CharField(max_length=32) ut = models.ForeignKey("User_type") User_type User_info id title id name age ut 1 CTO 1 alex 18 1 2 egon 17 1 1. 正向操作 #对象查找 跨表 对象.关联字段.字段 user_obj = models.User_info.objects.filter(id=1).first() print("user_obj.id---",user_obj.id) print("user_obj.name---", user_obj.name) print("user_obj.age---", user_obj.age) print("user_obj.ut---", user_obj.ut) print("user_obj.ut_id---", user_obj.ut_id) print("user_obj.ut.uid---", user_obj.ut.uid) print("user_obj.ut.title---", user_obj.ut.title) #字段查找 跨表 关联字段__字段 models.User_info.objects.values("id","name","ut_id","ut__uid","ut__title") 2. 反向操作 #对象查找 跨表 对象.小写表名_set().all() 循环对象.字段 type_obj = models.User_type.objects.filter(uid=1).first() print("type_obj.id---",type_obj.uid) print("type_obj.title---", type_obj.title) print("obj", type_obj.user_info_set.all()) obj = type_obj.user_info_set.all() for i in obj: print(i.id) print(i.name) print(i.ut_id) #字段查找 跨表 反向小写表名__字段 models.User_type.objects.values("uid","title","user_info__name","user_info__age")
http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6216618.html
