linxu_basic

#--------------------Linux Basic-----------------------------------------------
#file name : linux_basic
#author : LGP
#date : 2018-07-11
#contact : lgp_0615@163.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#-------------------generic symbo----------------------------------------------
/ : root directory (cd / )
~ : user directory (cd ~ )
./ : current directory (cd ./ )
.. : up directory (cd .. )
!cmd : invoke last command (!cd )
& : run job in background (dve & )

#-------------------create a user----------------------------------------------
adduser user_name : only root user can do
passwd user_name : set the password for user
su root|user: change the user (su liugaopeng )
id : according the user id
#newgrp training : change the user group to training

#------------------file operation----------------------------------------------
man : manual (man cd )

ls : list the directory and files (ls )
ls -a : list all includes hidden directory and files (ls -a )
ls -l : format list (ls -l )
ll : format list (ll )
ll -a : format list includes hidden directory and files (ll -a )
ll -t : list format time (ll -t )
ls -r : list format inverted (ls -lrt )

cd : change directory to the /home/user (cd )
cd ~ : ~means the /home/user/ directory (cd ~ )
cd dir_path : go to the dir_path directory (cd ../.. )

pwd : present working directory (pwd )

mkdir : create a directory (mkdir dir )
touch : create a file (touch file )
vi : create a file (vi file )
gvim : create a file (gvim file )
#chmod : change r/w/x property (chmod 777 file/dir )
#chmod 777 dir/file : 更改文件的权限(owner - rwx, group - rwx, others - rwx )
chmod a+x file : 给文件添加可执行的权限 (a: all include owner, group, others )
#chmod [ugoa] + [rwx] file|dir

#chown user : group files|directory ：更改文件或者目录的所有值和所属组

cat file : look at the file context on terminal (cat file )
more file : view the file (more file )
less file : view the file like vim or vi (less file )

cp file1 file2 : copy file1 to file2 (cp file1 file2 )
cp -r dir1 dir2: copy directory recursively (cp -r dir1 dir2)
cp -f ~~ ~~ : copy compulsive (cp -f file1 f2 )

mv file1 file2 : move (or rename) file1 to file2 (mv file1 file2 )

wc : word count
wc file : count lines words and characters (wc file )
wc -w file : count word of file (wc -w file )
wc -l file : count line (wc -l file )

rm file : remove file (rm file )
rm -r dir : remove dir* (recursively) (rm -r dir )
rm -f file : remove file (force) (rm -f file )
rm -rf dir : enforced to remove dir* (rm -rf dir )

diff -ruNa file/dir : difference of dile1/dir1 (diff -ruNa file1 file2)

ln -s file link : create a symbolic link to file (ln -s linux_basic lb )

grep pattern file : search pattern matched in file (grep qixin linux_basic )
grep error sim.log grep warning com.log
grep -r pattern dir : search pattern incursively in directory (grep -r qixin linux )

find / -name file_name : search the file from / directory (find /etc -name '*con' )
find / -size +100M : search the file > 100M

#------------------pack files -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#tar -cvf file.tar files : create a tar file (tar -cvf linux_cmd.tar linux_cmd )
#tar -xvf file.tar : extract a tar file (tar -xvf linux_cmd.tar )
#tar -czvf file.tar.gz files : create a gzip file
#tar -xzvf file.tar.gz : extract a gzip file
#tar -cjvf file.tar.bz2 files : create a bzip2 file
#tar -xjvf file.tar.bz2 : extract a bzip2 file

gzip file : create a file.gz file (gzip linux_cmd )
gzip -d file.gz : extract a file.gz file

#----------------------------install rpm package ----------------------------------------------------
rpm -qa : query all installed RPM packages
rpm -ivh RPM.rpm: install RPM package

./configure
make
make install

> : (grep ERROR com.log > error.log )
>> : Adder the sim.log error to the error.log (grep ERROR sim.log >> error.log )
cat > file : sample the standard input and put them into the file

cmd | grep pattern : search pattern in cmd output (rpm -qa | grep vim )
cat /etc/passwd | grep /bin/bash | wc -l
man ls | col -b > ls_man.txt
grep ERROR sim.log | tee -a error.log

#---------------------------process manage--------------------------------------------------------------
ps : display the current active process
top : display all process of the OS
kill pid : stop the pid process
killall proc: stop all of the proc process
bg : list the suspended job in background
fg : resume the last suspended job in foreground

#----------------------------system info----------------------------------------------------------------
gnome-terminal : open a new terminal
date : display system time
date +%Y%m%d
date +%s
date +%N

cal : display calendar
uptime :
w : display who logon and what are doing
whoami : print effective userid
uname -a : display all OS system info

which cmd : show the full path of the cmd (which pwd )
exit : user shell quit
echo $path : show the variable
clear : clear the info on the terminal
history : show the command history
!cmd : invoke the last cmd
make : invoke Makefile
make clean; make sim; make com;

cat /proc/cpuinfo : show CPU information
cat /proc/meminfo : show memory information

df : report file system disk space usage
du -b|k|m file|dir : estimate file space usage
du -s file|dir : summary
du -sm file|dir

#--------------------------network info-----------------------------------------------------------------
ping host|IP : ping IP address and print the result
hostname : display system host name
ifconfig -a : configure the network

#---------------------------hot key---------------------------------------------------------------------
ctrl + c : stop the current command
ctrl + z : suspend the job and put it into background
'fg' can be used to resume the job free the license and take it soon
ctrl + d : exit current shell,equal exit command

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