ks8集群部署

部署准备工作

部署最小化 K8S 集群：master + node1 + node2

Ubuntu 是一款基于 Debian Linux 的以桌面应用为主的操作系统，内容涵盖文字处理、电子邮件、软件开发工具和 Web 服务等，可供用户免费下载、使用和分享。

➜ vgs
Current machine states:
master                    running (virtualbox)
node1                     running (virtualbox)
node2                     running (virtualbox)

基础环境信息

设置系统主机名以及 Host 文件各节点之间的相互解析

  • 使用这个的 Vagrantfile 启动的三节点服务已经配置好了

  • 以下使用 master 节点进行演示查看，其他节点操作均一致

# hostnamectl
vagrant@k8s-master:~$ hostnamectl
   Static hostname: k8s-master
​
# hosts
vagrant@k8s-master:~$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1        localhost
127.0.1.1        vagrant.vm    vagrant
192.168.30.30    k8s-master
192.168.30.31    k8s-node1
192.168.30.32    k8s-node2
​
# ping
vagrant@k8s-master:~$ ping k8s-node1
PING k8s-node1 (192.168.30.31) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from k8s-node1 (192.168.30.31): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.689 ms

阿里源配置

配置 Ubuntu 的阿里源来加速安装速度，阿里源镜像地址:https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11ZqDVYZ

# 登录服务器
➜ vgssh master/node1/nod2
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-50-generic x86_64)
​
# 设置阿里云Ubuntu镜像
$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list{,.bak}
$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
​
# 配置kubeadm的阿里云镜像源
$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main
$ sudo gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA07F4FB
$ sudo gpg --export --armor BA07F4FB | sudo apt-key add -
​
# 配置docker安装
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic stable
​
# 更新仓库
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade

基础工具安装

部署阶段的基础工具安装

  • 基础组件 docker

  • 部署工具 kubeadm

  • 路由规则 ipvsadm

  • 时间同步 ntp

# 基础工具安装
$ sudo apt install -y \
    docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io \
    kubeadm ipvsadm \
    ntp ntpdate \
    nginx supervisor
​
# 将当前普通用户加入docker组(需重新登录)
$ sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER
​
# 服务启用
$ sudo systemctl enable docker.service
$ sudo systemctl start docker.service
$ sudo systemctl enable kubelet.service
$ sudo systemctl start kubelet.service

操作系统配置

操作系统相关配置

  • 关闭缓存

  • 配置内核参数

  • 调整系统时区

  • 升级内核版本(默认为4.15.0的版本)

# 关闭缓存
$ sudo swapoff -a
​
# 为K8S来调整内核参数
$ sudo touch /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
$ sudo cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 # 开启网桥模式(必须)
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 # 开启网桥模式(必须)
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1 # 关闭IPv6协议(必须)
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 # 转发模式(默认开启)
vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 开启OOM(默认开启)
vm.swappiness = 0 # 禁止使用swap空间
vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不检查物理内存是否够用
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max = 52706963 # 设置文件句柄数量
fs.nr_open = 52706963 # 设置文件的最大打开数量
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
EOF
​
# 查看系统内核参数的方式
$ sudo sysctl -a | grep xxx
# 使内核参数配置文件生效
$ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
bash
# 设置系统时区为中国/上海
$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
​
# 将当前的UTC时间写入硬件时钟
$ sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

开启 ipvs 服务

开启 ipvs 服务

  • kube-proxy 开启 ipvs 的前置条件

# 载入指定的个别模块
$ modprobe br_netfilter
​
# 修改配置
$ cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv
EOF
​
# 加载配置
$ chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules \
    && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules \
    && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv

部署 Master 节点

节点最低配置: 2C+2G 内存；从节点资源尽量充足。

kubeadm 工具的 init 命令，即可初始化以单节点部署的 master。为了避免FQ，这里可以使用阿里云的谷歌源来代替。在执行 kubeadm 部署命令的时候，指定对应地址即可。当然，可以将其加入本地的镜像库之中，更易维护。

# 登录服务器
➜ vgssh master
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-50-generic x86_64)
​
# 部署节点(命令行)
# 注意pod和service的地址需要不同(否则会报错)
$ sudo kubeadm init \
    --kubernetes-version=1.20.2 \
    --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
    --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.30.30 \
    --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
    --service-cidr=10.245.0.0/16
​
# 部署镜像配置(配置文件)
$ sudo kubeadm init --config ./kubeadm-config.yaml
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
# 查看IP段是否生效(iptable)
$ ip route show
10.244.0.0/24 dev cni0 proto kernel scope link src 10.244.0.1
10.244.1.0/24 via 10.244.1.0 dev flannel.1 onlink
10.244.2.0/24 via 10.244.2.0 dev flannel.1 onlink
​
# # 查看IP段是否生效(ipvs)
$ ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

配置文件定义

  • 接口使用了 v1beta2 版本

  • 配置主节点 IP 地址为 192.168.30.30

  • 为 flannel 分配的是 10.244.0.0/16 网段

  • 选择的 kubernetes 是当前最新的 1.20.2 版本

  • 加入了 controllerManager 的水平扩容功能

# kubeadm-config.yaml
# sudo kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.2
apiServer:
  extraArgs:
    advertise-address: 192.168.30.30
networking:
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
controllerManager:
  ExtraArgs:
    horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients: "true"
    horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period: "10s"
    node-monitor-grace-period: "10s"

执行成功之后会输出如下信息，需要安装如下步骤操作下：

  • 第一步 在 kubectl 默认控制和操作集群节点的时候，需要使用到 CA 的密钥，传输过程是通过 TLS 协议保障通讯的安全性。通过下面 3 行命令拷贝密钥信息到当前用户家目录下，这样 kubectl 执行时会首先访问 .kube 目录，使用这些授权信息访问集群。

  • 第二步 之后添加 worker 节点时，要通过 token 才能保障安全性。因此，先把显示的这行命令保存下来，以备后续使用会用到。

# master setting step one
To start cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
​
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
​
# master setting step two
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
​
Join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.30.30:6443 \
  --token lebbdi.p9lzoy2a16tmr6hq \
  --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash \
  sha256:6c79fd83825d7b2b0c3bed9e10c428acf8ffcd615a1d7b258e9b500848c20cae

将子节点加入主节点中

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   NotReady   control-plane,master   62m   v1.20.2
k8s-node1    NotReady   <none>                 82m   v1.20.2
k8s-node2    NotReady   <none>                 82m   v1.20.2
# 查看token令牌
$ sudo kubeadm token list
​
# 生成token令牌
$ sudo kubeadm token create
​
# 忘记sha编码
$ openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt \
    | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null \
    | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
# 生成一个新的 token 令牌(比上面的方便)
$ kubeadm token generate
​
# 直接生成 join 命令(比上面的方便)
$ kubeadm token create <token_generate> --print-join-command --ttl=0

执行完成之后可以通过如下命令，查看主节点信息。

  • 默认生成四个命名空间

    • default、kube-system、kube-public、kube-node-lease

  • 部署的核心服务有以下几个(kube-system)

    • coredns、etcd

    • kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler

    • kube-controller-manager、kube-controller-manager

  • 此时 master 并没有 ready 状态(需要安装网络插件)

    • 下一章节中，我们将安装 flannel 这个网络插件

# 命名空间
$ kubectl get namespace
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   19m
kube-node-lease   Active   19m
kube-public       Active   19m
kube-system       Active   19m
​
# 核心服务
$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-bh42f             1/1     Running   0          19m
coredns-7f89b7bc75-dvzpl             1/1     Running   0          19m
etcd-k8s-master                      1/1     Running   0          19m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master            1/1     Running   0          19m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master   1/1     Running   0          19m
kube-proxy-5rlpv                     1/1     Running   0          19m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master            1/1     Running   0          19m

部署 flannel 网络

网络服务用于管理 K8S 集群中的服务网络

flannel 网络需要指定 IP 地址段，即上一步中通过编排文件设置的 10.244.0.0/16。其实可以通过 flannel 官方和 HELM 工具直接部署服务。所以，可以将其内容保存在如下配置文件中，修改对应镜像地址。

部署 flannel 服务

# 部署flannel服务
# 1.修改镜像地址(如果下载不了的话)
# 2.修改Network为--pod-network-cidr的参数IP段
$ kubectl apply -f ./kube-flannel.yml
​
# 如果部署出现问题可通过如下命令查看日志
$ kubectl logs kube-flannel-ds-6xxs5 --namespace=kube-system
$ kubectl describe pod kube-flannel-ds-6xxs5 --namespace=kube-system

图片

如果使用当中存在问题的，可以参考:官方的问题手册(https://github.com/coreos/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/troubleshooting.md)。

  • 因为我们这里使用的是 Vagrant 虚拟出来的机器进行 K8S 的部署，但是在运行对应 yaml 配置的时候，会报错。通过查看日志发现是因为默认绑定的是虚拟机上面的 eth0 这块网卡，而这块网卡是 Vagrant 使用的，我们应该绑定的是 eth1 才对。

  • Vagrant 通常为所有 VM 分配两个接口，第一个为所有主机分配的 IP 地址为 10.0.2.15，用于获得 NAT 的外部流量。这样会导致 flannel 部署存在问题。通过官方问题说明，我们可以使用 --iface=eth1 这个参数选择第二个网卡。

  • 对应的参数使用方式，可以参考 flannel use –iface=eth1 中的回答自行添加，而这里我直接修改了启动的配置文件，在启动服务的时候通过 args 修改了，如下所示。

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-bh42f             1/1     Running   0          61m
coredns-7f89b7bc75-dvzpl             1/1     Running   0          61m
etcd-k8s-master                      1/1     Running   0          62m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master            1/1     Running   0          62m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master   1/1     Running   0          62m
kube-flannel-ds-zl148                1/1     Running   0          44s
kube-flannel-ds-ll523                1/1     Running   0          44s
kube-flannel-ds-wpmhw                1/1     Running   0          44s
kube-proxy-5rlpv                     1/1     Running   0          61m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master            1/1     Running   0          62m

配置文件如下所示

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
    - min: 0
      max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: "RunAsAny"
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ["extensions"]
    resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
    verbs: ["use"]
    resourceNames: ["psp.flannel.unprivileged"]
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: flannel
    namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
        - operator: Exists
          effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
        - name: install-cni
          image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.1-rc1
          command:
            - cp
          args:
            - -f
            - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
            - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
          volumeMounts:
            - name: cni
              mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
            - name: flannel-cfg
              mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
        - name: kube-flannel
          image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.1-rc1
          command:
            - /opt/bin/flanneld
          args:
            - --ip-masq
            - --kube-subnet-mgr
            - --iface=eth1
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: "100m"
              memory: "50Mi"
            limits:
              cpu: "100m"
              memory: "50Mi"
          securityContext:
            privileged: false
            capabilities:
              add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          volumeMounts:
            - name: run
              mountPath: /run/flannel
            - name: flannel-cfg
              mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

至此集群部署成功！如果有参数错误需要修改，你也可以在 reset 后重新 init 集群。

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    control-plane,master   62m   v1.20.2
k8s-node1    Ready    control-plane,master   82m   v1.20.2
k8s-node2    Ready    control-plane,master   82m   v1.20.2
​
# 重启集群
$ sudo kubeadm reset
$ sudo kubeadm init

部署 dashboard 服务

以 WEB 页面的可视化 dashboard 来监控集群的状态

这个还是会遇到需要下载启动配置文件的问题，下面是对应的下载地址，可以下载之后上传到服务器上面在进行部署。

部署 dashboard 服务

# 部署flannel服务
$ kubectl apply -f ./kube-dashboard.yaml
​
# 如果部署出现问题可通过如下命令查看日志
$ kubectl logs \
    kubernetes-dashboard-c9fb67ffc-nknpj \
    --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
$ kubectl describe pod \
    kubernetes-dashboard-c9fb67ffc-nknpj \
    --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
$ kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.245.214.11    <none>        8000/TCP   26s
kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.245.161.146   <none>        443/TCP    26s

需要注意的是 dashboard 默认不允许外网访问，即使通过 kubectl proxy 允许外网访问。但 dashboard 又只允许 HTTPS 访问，这样 kubeadm init 时自签名的 CA 证书是不被浏览器承认的。

我采用的方案是 Nginx 作为反向代理，使用 Lets Encrypt 提供的有效证书对外提供服务，再经由 proxy_pass 指令反向代理到 kubectl proxy 上，如下所示。此时，本地可经由 8888 访问到 dashboard 服务，再通过 Nginx 访问它。

# 代理(可以使用supervisor)
$ kubectl proxy --accept-hosts='^*$'
$ kubectl proxy --port=8888 --accept-hosts='^*$'
# 测试代理是否正常(默认监听在8001端口上)
$ curl -X GET -L http://localhost:8001
​
# 本地(可以使用nginx)
proxy_pass http://localhost:8001;
proxy_pass http://localhost:8888;
​
# 外网访问如下URL地址
https://mydomain/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/login

配置文件整理

  • nginx

  • supervisor

# k8s.conf
​
client_max_body_size     80M;
client_body_buffer_size  128k;
proxy_connect_timeout    600;
proxy_read_timeout       600;
proxy_send_timeout       600;
​
server {
    listen       8080 ssl;
    server_name  _;
​
    ssl_certificate     /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key;
​
    access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s.access.log;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s.error.log  error;
​
    location / {
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header   Host              $http_host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/;
    }
}
# k8s.conf
​
[program:k8s-master]
command=kubectl proxy --accept-hosts='^*$'
user=vagrant
environment=KUBECONFIG="/home/vagrant/.kube/config"
stopasgroup=true
stopasgroup=true
autostart=true
autorestart=unexpected
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB
stdout_logfile_backups=10
stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB
stderr_logfile_backups=10
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/k8s-stderr.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/k8s-stdout.log

配置文件如下所示

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
​
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
​
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""
​
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
​
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames:
      [
        "kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder",
        "kubernetes-dashboard-certs",
        "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf",
      ]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames:
      [
        "heapster",
        "http:heapster:",
        "https:heapster:",
        "dashboard-metrics-scraper",
        "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper",
      ]
    verbs: ["get"]
​
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
​
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/jieee/dashboard:v2.0.4
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
​
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
​
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: "runtime/default"
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/jieee/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
第一种：登录 dashboard 的方式(配置文件)

  • 采用 token 方式

  • 采用秘钥文件方式

图片

# 创建管理员帐户(dashboard)
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF
# 将用户绑定已经存在的集群管理员角色
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF
# 获取可用户于访问的token令牌
$ kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret \
    $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret \
    | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

登录界面展示

  • 针对 Chrome 浏览器，在空白处点击然后输入：thisisunsafe

  • 针对 Firefox 浏览器，遇到证书过期，添加例外访问。

图片

第二种：授权 dashboard 权限(不适用配置文件)

  • 如果登录之后提示权限问题的话，可以执行如下操作

  • 把 serviceaccount 绑定在 clusteradmin

  • 授权 serviceaccount 用户具有整个集群的访问管理权限

# 创建serviceaccount
$ kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
​
# 把serviceaccount绑定在clusteradmin
# 授权serviceaccount用户具有整个集群的访问管理权限
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding \
    dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin \
    --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
​
# 获取serviceaccount的secret信息，可得到token令牌的信息
$ kubectl get secret -n kube-system
​
# 通过上边命令获取到dashboard-admin-token-slfcr信息
$ kubectl describe secret <dashboard-admin-token-slfcr> -n kube-system
​
# 浏览器访问登录并把token粘贴进去登录即可
https://192.168.30.30:8080/
​
# 快捷查看token的命令
$ kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system \
   $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/admin/{print $1}')
 
posted @   KeepSmiling_me  阅读(461)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
相关博文：
· 基于kube-vip创建k8s高可用集群
· rancher部署k8s
· 2、k8s-集群环境的搭建-docker安装部署-k8s组件（kubelet）安装部署-集群初始化-fannel网络的配置
· centos系统搭建K8s集群
· k8s集群搭建
阅读排行：
· 无需6万激活码！GitHub神秘组织3小时极速复刻Manus，手把手教你使用OpenManus搭建本
· Manus爆火，是硬核还是营销？
· 终于写完轮子一部分：tcp代理 了，记录一下
· 别再用vector＜bool＞了！Google高级工程师：这可能是STL最大的设计失误
· 单元测试从入门到精通
点击右上角即可分享
微信分享提示