linux格式化磁盘

直接格式化为ext4格式直接使用

[root@scrm ~]# cd /data/
[root@scrm data]# ll
total 4
drwx--x--- 13 root root 4096 Apr  9 15:09 docker
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# mkdir data
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Aug 16 09:50 data
drwx--x--- 13 root root 4096 Apr  9 15:09 docker
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bb9c1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886046    41941999+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe1bdbf34.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2174746624
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# mount /dev/vdb1 /data/data
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@scrm data]# cat /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Sep 14 07:14:22 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9f2d3e15-a78a-4f3d-8385-0165b4b67864 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
/dev/vdb1 /data/data						ext4    defaults        0 0
[root@scrm data]# 
[root@scrm data]# df -hT
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  7.7G     0  7.7G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.7G     0  7.7G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.7G  600K  7.7G   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.7G     0  7.7G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1      ext4       40G   26G   12G  69% /
overlay        overlay    40G   26G   12G  69% /data/docker/overlay2/97a111ee00dbfa1191417191babb12d443dc65bc23fadda2dc94fb9b89f1dd4b/merged
shm            tmpfs      64M     0   64M   0% /data/docker/containers/b2192203d39c58a061f95b5765eabc5df69bf9c43f129529f952265b0d7ad754/mounts/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdb1      ext4       99G   61M   94G   1% /data/data
[root@scrm data]#

以下为常见几种文件系统EXT3，EXT4和XFS的区别：

EXT3
（1）最多只能支持32TB的文件系统和2TB的文件，实际只能容纳2TB的文件系统和16GB的文件
（2）Ext3目前只支持32000个子目录
（3）Ext3文件系统使用32位空间记录块数量和i-节点数量
（4）当数据写入到Ext3文件系统中时，Ext3的数据块分配器每次只能分配一个4KB的块
EXT4
EXT4是Linux系统下的日志文件系统，是EXT3文件系统的后继版本。
（1）Ext4的文件系统容量达到1EB，而文件容量则达到16TB
（2）理论上支持无限数量的子目录
（3）Ext4文件系统使用64位空间记录块数量和i-节点数量
（4）Ext4的多块分配器支持一次调用分配多个数据块
XFS
（1）根据所记录的日志在很短的时间内迅速恢复磁盘文件内容
（2）采用优化算法，日志记录对整体文件操作影响非常小
（3）是一个全64-bit的文件系统，它可以支持上百万T字节的存储空间
（4）能以接近裸设备I/O的性能存储数据