STL算法 常用遍历算法查找

 

 

 

 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>

void print01(int val) 
{
    cout << val << "";
}

class print02 
{
public:
    void operator()(int val) 
    {
        cout << val << " ";
    }

};

//for_each 基本用法
void test01() 
{
    vector<int>v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10;i++) 
    {
        v.push_back(i);
    }

    //遍历算法
    for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print01);
    cout << endl;
    for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print02());
    cout << endl;
}
int main() {


    test01();
    system("pause");
    return 0;

}

 

#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

//常用遍历算法  搬运 transform

class TransForm
{
public:
    int operator()(int val)
    {
        return val;
    }

};

class MyPrint
{
public:
    void operator()(int val)
    {
        cout << val << " ";
    }
};

void test01()
{
    vector<int>v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        v.push_back(i);
    }

    vector<int>vTarget; //目标容器

    vTarget.resize(v.size()); // 目标容器需要提前开辟空间

    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), vTarget.begin(), TransForm());

    for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), MyPrint());
}

int main() {

    test01();

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}
```

**总结:** 搬运的目标容器必须要提前开辟空间,否则无法正常搬运
**算法简介:**

- `find`                     //查找元素
- `find_if`               //按条件查找元素
- `adjacent_find`    //查找相邻重复元素
- `binary_search`    //二分查找法
- `count`                   //统计元素个数
- `count_if`             //按条件统计元素个数




#### 5.2.1 find

**功能描述:**

* 查找指定元素,找到返回指定元素的迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器end()



**函数原型:**

- `find(iterator beg, iterator end, value);  `

  // 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // value 查找的元素





**示例:**

```C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
void test01() {

    vector<int> v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        v.push_back(i + 1);
    }
    //查找容器中是否有 5 这个元素
    vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
    if (it == v.end()) 
    {
        cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
    }
    else 
    {
        cout << "找到:" << *it << endl;
    }
}

class Person {
public:
    Person(string name, int age) 
    {
        this->m_Name = name;
        this->m_Age = age;
    }
    //重载==
    bool operator==(const Person& p) 
    {
        if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) 
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

public:
    string m_Name;
    int m_Age;
};

void test02() {

    vector<Person> v;

    //创建数据
    Person p1("aaa", 10);
    Person p2("bbb", 20);
    Person p3("ccc", 30);
    Person p4("ddd", 40);

    v.push_back(p1);
    v.push_back(p2);
    v.push_back(p3);
    v.push_back(p4);

    vector<Person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), p2);
    if (it == v.end()) 
    {
        cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
    }
    else 
    {
        cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl;
    }
}
```

总结: 利用find可以在容器中找指定的元素,返回值是**迭代器**
#### 5.2.2 find_if

**功能描述:**

* 按条件查找元素

**函数原型:**

- `find_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);  `

  // 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // _Pred 函数或者谓词(返回bool类型的仿函数)



**示例:**

```C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

//内置数据类型
class GreaterFive
{
public:
    bool operator()(int val)
    {
        return val > 5;
    }
};

void test01() {

    vector<int> v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        v.push_back(i + 1);
    }

    vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
    if (it == v.end()) {
        cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
    }
    else {
        cout << "找到大于5的数字:" << *it << endl;
    }
}

//自定义数据类型
class Person {
public:
    Person(string name, int age)
    {
        this->m_Name = name;
        this->m_Age = age;
    }
public:
    string m_Name;
    int m_Age;
};

class Greater20
{
public:
    bool operator()(Person &p)
    {
        return p.m_Age > 20;
    }

};

void test02() {

    vector<Person> v;

    //创建数据
    Person p1("aaa", 10);
    Person p2("bbb", 20);
    Person p3("ccc", 30);
    Person p4("ddd", 40);

    v.push_back(p1);
    v.push_back(p2);
    v.push_back(p3);
    v.push_back(p4);

    vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
    if (it == v.end())
    {
        cout << "没有找到!" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl;
    }
}

int main() {

    //test01();

    test02();

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}
```

总结:find_if按条件查找使查找更加灵活,提供的仿函数可以改变不同的策略
#### 5.2.3 adjacent_find

**功能描述:**

* 查找相邻重复元素



**函数原型:**

- `adjacent_find(iterator beg, iterator end);  `

  // 查找相邻重复元素,返回相邻元素的第一个位置的迭代器

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器
**示例:**

```C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

void test01()
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(5);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(3);

    //查找相邻重复元素
    vector<int>::iterator it = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
    if (it == v.end()) {
        cout << "找不到!" << endl;
    }
    else {
        cout << "找到相邻重复元素为:" << *it << endl;
    }
}
```

总结:面试题中如果出现查找相邻重复元素,记得用STL中的adjacent_find算法

 

#### 5.2.4 binary_search

**功能描述:**

* 查找指定元素是否存在



**函数原型:**

- `bool binary_search(iterator beg, iterator end, value);  `

  // 查找指定的元素,查到 返回true  否则false

  // 注意: 在**无序序列中不可用**

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // value 查找的元素





**示例:**

```C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

void test01()
{
    vector<int>v;

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        v.push_back(i);
    }
    //二分查找
    bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(),2);
    if (ret)
    {
        cout << "找到了" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "未找到" << endl;
    }
}

int main() {

    test01();

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}
```

**总结:**二分查找法查找效率很高,值得注意的是查找的容器中元素必须的有序序列

 

 

#### 5.2.5 count

**功能描述:**

* 统计元素个数



**函数原型:**

- `count(iterator beg, iterator end, value);  `

  // 统计元素出现次数

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // value 统计的元素





**示例:**

```C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

//内置数据类型
void test01()
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(5);
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(4);

    int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 4);

    cout << "4的个数为: " << num << endl;
}

//自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
    Person(string name, int age)
    {
        this->m_Name = name;
        this->m_Age = age;
    }
    bool operator==(const Person & p)
    {
        if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    string m_Name;
    int m_Age;
};

void test02()
{
    vector<Person> v;

    Person p1("刘备", 35);
    Person p2("关羽", 35);
    Person p3("张飞", 35);
    Person p4("赵云", 30);
    Person p5("曹操", 25);

    v.push_back(p1);
    v.push_back(p2);
    v.push_back(p3);
    v.push_back(p4);
    v.push_back(p5);
    
    Person p("诸葛亮",35);

    int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), p);
    cout << "num = " << num << endl;
}
int main() {

    //test01();

    test02();

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}
```

**总结:** 统计自定义数据类型时候,需要配合重载 `operator==`

 

#### 5.2.6 count_if

**功能描述:**

* 按条件统计元素个数

**函数原型:**

- `count_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred);  `

  // 按条件统计元素出现次数

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // _Pred 谓词
**示例:**

```C++
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

class Greater4
{
public:
    bool operator()(int val)
    {
        return val >= 4;
    }
};

//内置数据类型
void test01()
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(5);
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(4);

    int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater4());

    cout << "大于4的个数为: " << num << endl;
}

//自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
    Person(string name, int age)
    {
        this->m_Name = name;
        this->m_Age = age;
    }

    string m_Name;
    int m_Age;
};

class AgeLess35
{
public:
    bool operator()(const Person &p)
    {
        return p.m_Age < 35;
    }
};
void test02()
{
    vector<Person> v;

    Person p1("刘备", 35);
    Person p2("关羽", 35);
    Person p3("张飞", 35);
    Person p4("赵云", 30);
    Person p5("曹操", 25);

    v.push_back(p1);
    v.push_back(p2);
    v.push_back(p3);
    v.push_back(p4);
    v.push_back(p5);

    int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeLess35());
    cout << "小于35岁的个数:" << num << endl;
}


int main() {

    //test01();

    test02();

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}
```

**总结:**按值统计用count,按条件统计用count_if

 

posted @ 2021-09-29 15:14  健丽  阅读(27)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报