STL算法 常用遍历算法查找
#include<iostream> using namespace std; #include<algorithm> #include<vector> void print01(int val) { cout << val << ""; } class print02 { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; //for_each 基本用法 void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10;i++) { v.push_back(i); } //遍历算法 for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print01); cout << endl; for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print02()); cout << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
#include<vector> #include<algorithm> //常用遍历算法 搬运 transform class TransForm { public: int operator()(int val) { return val; } }; class MyPrint { public: void operator()(int val) { cout << val << " "; } }; void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } vector<int>vTarget; //目标容器 vTarget.resize(v.size()); // 目标容器需要提前开辟空间 transform(v.begin(), v.end(), vTarget.begin(), TransForm()); for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), MyPrint()); } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; } ``` **总结:** 搬运的目标容器必须要提前开辟空间,否则无法正常搬运
**算法简介:** - `find` //查找元素 - `find_if` //按条件查找元素 - `adjacent_find` //查找相邻重复元素 - `binary_search` //二分查找法 - `count` //统计元素个数 - `count_if` //按条件统计元素个数 #### 5.2.1 find **功能描述:** * 查找指定元素,找到返回指定元素的迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器end() **函数原型:** - `find(iterator beg, iterator end, value); ` // 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置 // beg 开始迭代器 // end 结束迭代器 // value 查找的元素 **示例:** ```C++ #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <string> void test01() { vector<int> v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i + 1); } //查找容器中是否有 5 这个元素 vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到:" << *it << endl; } } class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } //重载== bool operator==(const Person& p) { if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return true; } return false; } public: string m_Name; int m_Age; }; void test02() { vector<Person> v; //创建数据 Person p1("aaa", 10); Person p2("bbb", 20); Person p3("ccc", 30); Person p4("ddd", 40); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); vector<Person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), p2); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl; } } ``` 总结: 利用find可以在容器中找指定的元素,返回值是**迭代器**
#### 5.2.2 find_if **功能描述:** * 按条件查找元素 **函数原型:** - `find_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred); ` // 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置 // beg 开始迭代器 // end 结束迭代器 // _Pred 函数或者谓词(返回bool类型的仿函数) **示例:** ```C++ #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <string> //内置数据类型 class GreaterFive { public: bool operator()(int val) { return val > 5; } }; void test01() { vector<int> v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i + 1); } vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive()); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到大于5的数字:" << *it << endl; } } //自定义数据类型 class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } public: string m_Name; int m_Age; }; class Greater20 { public: bool operator()(Person &p) { return p.m_Age > 20; } }; void test02() { vector<Person> v; //创建数据 Person p1("aaa", 10); Person p2("bbb", 20); Person p3("ccc", 30); Person p4("ddd", 40); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20()); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "没有找到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄: " << it->m_Age << endl; } } int main() { //test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; } ``` 总结:find_if按条件查找使查找更加灵活,提供的仿函数可以改变不同的策略
#### 5.2.3 adjacent_find **功能描述:** * 查找相邻重复元素 **函数原型:** - `adjacent_find(iterator beg, iterator end); ` // 查找相邻重复元素,返回相邻元素的第一个位置的迭代器 // beg 开始迭代器 // end 结束迭代器 **示例:** ```C++ #include <algorithm> #include <vector> void test01() { vector<int> v; v.push_back(1); v.push_back(2); v.push_back(5); v.push_back(2); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(3); //查找相邻重复元素 vector<int>::iterator it = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end()); if (it == v.end()) { cout << "找不到!" << endl; } else { cout << "找到相邻重复元素为:" << *it << endl; } } ``` 总结:面试题中如果出现查找相邻重复元素,记得用STL中的adjacent_find算法
#### 5.2.4 binary_search **功能描述:** * 查找指定元素是否存在 **函数原型:** - `bool binary_search(iterator beg, iterator end, value); ` // 查找指定的元素,查到 返回true 否则false // 注意: 在**无序序列中不可用** // beg 开始迭代器 // end 结束迭代器 // value 查找的元素 **示例:** ```C++ #include <algorithm> #include <vector> void test01() { vector<int>v; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } //二分查找 bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(),2); if (ret) { cout << "找到了" << endl; } else { cout << "未找到" << endl; } } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; } ``` **总结:**二分查找法查找效率很高,值得注意的是查找的容器中元素必须的有序序列
#### 5.2.5 count **功能描述:** * 统计元素个数 **函数原型:** - `count(iterator beg, iterator end, value); ` // 统计元素出现次数 // beg 开始迭代器 // end 结束迭代器 // value 统计的元素 **示例:** ```C++ #include <algorithm> #include <vector> //内置数据类型 void test01() { vector<int> v; v.push_back(1); v.push_back(2); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(5); v.push_back(3); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(4); int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 4); cout << "4的个数为: " << num << endl; } //自定义数据类型 class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } bool operator==(const Person & p) { if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return true; } else { return false; } } string m_Name; int m_Age; }; void test02() { vector<Person> v; Person p1("刘备", 35); Person p2("关羽", 35); Person p3("张飞", 35); Person p4("赵云", 30); Person p5("曹操", 25); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); v.push_back(p5); Person p("诸葛亮",35); int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), p); cout << "num = " << num << endl; } int main() { //test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; } ``` **总结:** 统计自定义数据类型时候,需要配合重载 `operator==`
#### 5.2.6 count_if **功能描述:** * 按条件统计元素个数 **函数原型:** - `count_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred); ` // 按条件统计元素出现次数 // beg 开始迭代器 // end 结束迭代器 // _Pred 谓词 **示例:** ```C++ #include <algorithm> #include <vector> class Greater4 { public: bool operator()(int val) { return val >= 4; } }; //内置数据类型 void test01() { vector<int> v; v.push_back(1); v.push_back(2); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(5); v.push_back(3); v.push_back(4); v.push_back(4); int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater4()); cout << "大于4的个数为: " << num << endl; } //自定义数据类型 class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { this->m_Name = name; this->m_Age = age; } string m_Name; int m_Age; }; class AgeLess35 { public: bool operator()(const Person &p) { return p.m_Age < 35; } }; void test02() { vector<Person> v; Person p1("刘备", 35); Person p2("关羽", 35); Person p3("张飞", 35); Person p4("赵云", 30); Person p5("曹操", 25); v.push_back(p1); v.push_back(p2); v.push_back(p3); v.push_back(p4); v.push_back(p5); int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeLess35()); cout << "小于35岁的个数:" << num << endl; } int main() { //test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; } ``` **总结:**按值统计用count,按条件统计用count_if