1.安装方法
pip install pyquery
2.引用方法
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
3.简介
pyquery 是类型jquery 的一个专供python使用的html解析的库，使用方法类似bs4。
4.使用方法
4.1 初始化方法：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc =pq(html) #解析html字符串 doc =pq("http://news.baidu.com/") #解析网页 doc =pq("./a.html") #解析html 文本
4.2 基本CSS选择器
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div id="wrap"> <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) print doc("#wrap .s_from link")
运行结果：
<link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link>
#是查找id的标签 .是查找class 的标签 link 是查找link 标签 中间的空格表示里层
4.3 查找子元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div id="wrap"> <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' #查找子元素 doc = pq(html) items=doc("#wrap") print(items) print("类型为:%s"%type(items)) link = items.find('.s_from') print(link) link = items.children() print(link)
运行结果：
<div id="wrap"> <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> 类型为:<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'> <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul>
根据运行结果可以发现返回结果类型为pyquery，并且find方法和children 方法都可以获取里层标签
4.4查找父元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) items=doc(".s_from") print(items) #查找父元素 parent_href=items.parent() print(parent_href)
运行结果:
<ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div>
parent可以查找出外层标签包括的内容，与之类似的还有parents,可以获取所有外层节点
4.5 查找兄弟元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) items=doc("link.active1.a123") print(items) #查找兄弟元素 siblings_href=items.siblings() print(siblings_href)
运行结果：
<link class="active1 a123" href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class="active2" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class="movie1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link>
根据运行结果可以看出，siblings 返回了同级的其他标签
结论：子元素查找，父元素查找，兄弟元素查找，这些方法返回的结果类型都是pyquery类型，可以针对结果再次进行选择
4.6 遍历查找结果
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link").items() for it in its: print(it)
运行结果：
<link class="active1 a123" href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class="active2" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class="movie1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link>
4.7获取属性信息
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link").items() for it in its: print(it.attr('href')) print(it.attr.href)
运行结果：
http://asda.com http://asda.com http://asda1.com http://asda1.com http://asda2.com http://asda2.com
4.8 获取文本
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link").items() for it in its: print(it.text())
运行结果
asdadasdad12312
asdadasdad12312
asdadasdad12312
4.9 获取 HTML信息
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link").items() for it in its: print(it.html())
运行结果：
<a>asdadasdad12312</a>
asdadasdad12312
asdadasdad12312
5.常用DOM操作
5.1 addClass removeClass
添加，移除class标签
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link").items() for it in its: print("添加:%s"%it.addClass('active1')) print("移除:%s"%it.removeClass('active1'))
运行结果
添加:<link class="active1 a123" href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> 移除:<link class="a123" href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> 添加:<link class="active2 active1" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 移除:<link class="active2" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 添加:<link class="movie1 active1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 移除:<link class="movie1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link>
需要注意的是已经存在的class标签不会继续添加
5.2 attr css
attr 为获取/修改属性 css 添加style属性
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link").items() for it in its: print("修改:%s"%it.attr('class','active')) print("添加:%s"%it.css('font-size','14px'))
运行结果
C:\Python27\python.exe D:/test_his/test_re_1.py 修改:<link class="active" href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> 添加:<link class="active" href="http://asda.com" style="font-size: 14px"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> 修改:<link class="active" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 添加:<link class="active" href="http://asda1.com" style="font-size: 14px">asdadasdad12312</link> 修改:<link class="active" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 添加:<link class="active" href="http://asda2.com" style="font-size: 14px">asdadasdad12312</link>
attr css操作直接修改对象的
5.3 remove
remove 移除标签
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com"><a>asdadasdad12312</a></link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("div") print('移除前获取文本结果:\n%s'%its.text()) it=its.remove('ul') print('移除后获取文本结果:\n%s'%it.text())
运行结果
移除前获取文本结果:
hello nihao
asdasd
asdadasdad12312
asdadasdad12312
asdadasdad12312
移除后获取文本结果:
hello nihao
其他DOM方法参考：
http://pyquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html
6.伪类选择器
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html = ''' <div href="wrap"> hello nihao <ul class="s_from"> asdasd <link class='active1 a123' href="http://asda.com"><a>helloasdadasdad12312</a></link> <link class='active2' href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class='movie1' href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> </ul> </div> ''' doc = pq(html) its=doc("link:first-child") print('第一个标签:%s'%its) its=doc("link:last-child") print('最后一个标签:%s'%its) its=doc("link:nth-child(2)") print('第二个标签:%s'%its) its=doc("link:gt(0)") #从零开始 print("获取0以后的标签:%s"%its) its=doc("link:nth-child(2n-1)") print("获取奇数标签:%s"%its) its=doc("link:contains('hello')") print("获取文本包含hello的标签:%s"%its)
运行结果
第一个标签:<link class="active1 a123" href="http://asda.com"><a>helloasdadasdad12312</a></link> 最后一个标签:<link class="movie1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 第二个标签:<link class="active2" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 获取0以后的标签:<link class="active2" href="http://asda1.com">asdadasdad12312</link> <link class="movie1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 获取奇数标签:<link class="active1 a123" href="http://asda.com"><a>helloasdadasdad12312</a></link> <link class="movie1" href="http://asda2.com">asdadasdad12312</link> 获取文本包含hello的标签:<link class="active1 a123" href="http://asda.com"><a>helloasdadasdad12312</a></link>
更多css选择器可以查看：
http://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp
