python读写xml文件

1.python创建xml
使用xml.etree.ElementTree来操作xml
创建节点：root = ET.Element('root'， attribute),
其中， attribute是属性字典，需要属性时可以添加

创建文档：tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
设置文本值：element.text = 'default'
设置属性：element.set('age', str(i))
添加节点：root.append(element)
写入文档：tree.write('*.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True
其中，xml_declaration=True表示对xml声明，<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

示例：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
root = ET.Element('Root')
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
name = Element("name", {'id': 'id2', 'order': 'order2'})
name.text = "xiaoming"
age = Element("age")
age.text = "12"
gender = Element("gender")
gender.text = "男"
root.append(name)
root.append(age)
root.append(gender)
tree.write("1.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

结果如下：

但是此时的xml文件和我们平时常见的格式不太一样，如何转变成标准的格式呢？

思路就是在每个节点之后添加"\n\t"

代码如下：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
 
def __indent(elem, level=0):
    i = "\n" + level*"\t"
    if len(elem):
        if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
            elem.text = i + "\t"
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
        for elem in elem:
            __indent(elem, level+1)
        if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
            elem.tail = i
    else:
        if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
            elem.tail = i
 
root = ET.Element('Root')
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
name = Element("name", {'id': 'id2', 'order': 'order2'})
name.text = "xiaoming"
age = Element("age")
age.text = "12"
gender = Element("gender")
gender.text = "男"
root.append(name)
root.append(age)
root.append(gender)
__indent(root)
tree.write("1.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

结果如下：

2.python读取/修改xml

tree = ET.parse(xml_path) 读取xml文档
root = tree.getroot() 获取根节点

示例：读取1.xml的内容，并添加属性，最后写入2.xml

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
 
tree = ET.parse("1.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
for child in root:
    print("tag:", child.tag)
    print("tag:", child.text)
    print("attrib:", child.attrib)
    child.set("set:", "设置属性")
tree.write("2.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)
 
"""
tag: name
tag: xiaoming
attrib: {'id': 'id2', 'order': 'order2'}
tag: age
tag: 12
attrib: {}
tag: gender
tag: 男
attrib: {}
"""