python pycurl模块
一、pycurl概述
PycURl是一个C语言写的libcurl的python绑定库。libcurl 是一个自由的,并且容易使用的用在客户端的 URL 传输库。它的功能很强大,在PyCURL的主页上介绍的支持的功能有:FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, GOPHER, TELNET, DICT, FILE and LDAP. libcurl supports HTTPS certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, kerberos, HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, user+password authentication, file transfer resume, http proxy tunneling and more!
由于PycURl 是由C语言原生实现的,所以一般来说会比其会比纯python实现的liburl、liburl2模块快不少,可能也会比Requests的效率更高。特别是使用PycURL的多并发请求时,效率更高。
如果机器没有PycURL 通过命令 sudo easy_install pycurl
二、pycurl 的用法
实例一:
1 #! /usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 import sys 4 import pycurl 5 import time 6 class Test: 7 def __init__(self): 8 self.contents = '' 9 def body_callback(self, buf): 10 self.contents = self.contents + buf 11 sys.stderr.write("Testing %sn" % pycurl.version) 12 start_time = time.time() 13 url = 'http://www.dianping.com/beijing' 14 t = Test() 15 c = pycurl.Curl() 16 c.setopt(c.URL, url) 17 c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION, t.body_callback) 18 c.perform() 19 end_time = time.time() 20 duration = end_time - start_time 21 print c.getinfo(pycurl.HTTP_CODE), c.getinfo(pycurl.EFFECTIVE_URL) 22 c.close() 23 print 'pycurl takes %s seconds to get %s ' % (duration, url) 24 print 'lenth of the content is %d' % len(t.contents) 25 #print(t.contents)
实例二:封装get post函数
import pycurl import StringIO import urllib #------------------------自动处理cookile的函数----------------------------------# def initCurl(): '''初始化一个pycurl对象, 尽管urllib2也支持 cookie 但是在登录cas系统时总是失败,并且没有搞清楚失败的原因。 这里采用pycurl主要是因为pycurl设置了cookie后,可以正常登录Cas系统 ''' c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEFILE, "cookie_file_name")#把cookie保存在该文件中 c.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEJAR, "cookie_file_name") c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1) #允许跟踪来源 c.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5) #设置代理 如果有需要请去掉注释,并设置合适的参数 #c.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, ‘http://11.11.11.11:8080′) #c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYUSERPWD, ‘aaa:aaa’) return c #-----------------------------------get函数-----------------------------------# def GetDate(curl, url): '''获得url指定的资源,这里采用了HTTP的GET方法 ''' head = ['Accept:*/*', 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0'] buf = StringIO.StringIO() curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, buf.write) curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url) curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, head) curl.perform() the_page =buf.getvalue() buf.close() return the_page #-----------------------------------post函数-----------------------------------# def PostData(curl, url, data): '''提交数据到url,这里使用了HTTP的POST方法 备注,这里提交的数据为json数据, 如果需要修改数据类型,请修改head中的数据类型声明 ''' head = ['Accept:*/*', 'Content-Type:application/xml', 'render:json', 'clientType:json', 'Accept-Charset:GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3', 'Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch', 'Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0'] buf = StringIO.StringIO() curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, buf.write) curl.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data) curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url) curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, head) curl.perform() the_page = buf.getvalue() #print the_page buf.close() return the_page #-----------------------------------post函数-----------------------------------# c = initCurl() html = GetDate(c, 'http://www.baidu.com') print html
实例三:将短链接转化为实际的url地址
import StringIO import pycurl c = pycurl.Curl() str = StringIO.StringIO() c.setopt(pycurl.URL, "http://t.cn/Rhevig4") c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, str.write) c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1) c.perform() print c.getinfo(pycurl.EFFECTIVE_URL)