基本的git/linux/g++/ 等指令

0 引言

本文将常用的指令记录下来，以备查询。

1 git

Command	Meaning	Reference Linking
git status	view all files' state, tracked or untracked, commited or un commited
git status -uno	view files' state, not including untracked files	https://blog.csdn.net/anlian523/article/details/98041383
git checkout -b  [branchname]	create a branch named [branchname] and switch to it equals to $ git branch [branchname] && $ git checkout [branchname]
git branch	view local branches $ git branch -a # view all of the branches, including local and remote branches $ git branch -r # view remote branches
git checkout
git remote	view the remote server name
git fetch origin	to update remote branch information
git remote show origin	view all the corresponding relations between local and remote branches
git clone ssh://git@git-brion-us.asml.com:7999/brion_rnd_sjb/tachyon_prd.git	real link of our repository
git reset	git reset –-hard: to discard all local changes
git checkout  -- files	to discard unadded changes in a file
*** git branch -d feature/dev	delete local branches in Git
*** git push origin --delete feature/dev	delete remote branches in Git
git clone -b LMC/kwang10/dev1 --single-branch url	clone a specific branch from remote repository
git pull origin tachyon-RDI-10	merge the group  code with local code
git clone -b LMC/testauthorname --single-branch ssh://git@git-brion-us.asml.com:7999/brion_rnd_sjb/tachyon_prd.git	LMC/testauthorname
merge from hotfix branch back to develop	How to merge from hotfix branch back to develop
git fetch git checkout origin/tachyon-RDI-10 -- file	usage: git pull a single file from remote repository origin/tachyon-RDI-10 can be replaced by any branch name file is the relative path of a specific file
git diff filename	watch the difference between version_latest and version_old of "filename"
git reset --hard	--hard Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree since <commit> are discarded.
git log --after="2021-01-05 00:59" --before="2021-01-05 20:37" author="testauthorname"	specific time slots for specfic author.
git cherry-pick <commitHash>	quick merge commit to branch 10 if merge conflict

2 linux

Command	Meaning	reference linking
sudo chmod -R 777 Document/	change the visit permission of a file
touch	create a new file
mkdir	create a new file folder (or a new directory)
reset	initialize the console and clear the window
clear	clear the content shown on the screen
#	annotation
ls	list all file in current directory(files named with .xxx not included )
ls -l	list all files and the detailed properties
ls -a	list all file in current directory(files named with .xxx also included )
whereis [filename]	list the directory of files named [filename]
rm [filename]	remove a file named [filename], need confirm
rm -f [filename]	remove a file named [filename], don't need confirm, '-f' means force
rm -r -f [folder]	remove a folder named [folder], don't need confirm
-r	a parameter used when dealing with a folder
cp [options] source dest	copy and paste the content of a file/directory from source to dest
cat file	print the file content on the screen
find /home -name "*.txt"	find the files ended with ".txt" in directory "/home"
find /home -iname "*.txt"	find the file ended with ".txt" in directory "/home", and set case insensetive
grep -rnw "what you are search for" /path	search for content in your file in a specific path
grep --include=\test*.txt -irnw './' -e "touch"	search for content in files named after a particular pattern '-i': ignore case '-r':recursive '-n':show the line number where my content appears '-w':match the whole word	stackoverflow_how_to_search_content
egrep --include=\* -irn -e "def1\.size\(\) = [0-9]+"	grep with regular expression
tree -d directory	show only folders
du -h	check how much storage the current directory has used.
wc	wc -l job_message.txt: count how many lines in this file wc -w job_message.txt: count how many words in this file
killall -u kwang10	kill all processes of user "kwang10"
awk	get column
diff file1 file2	usage: compare the content of 2 files file1: benchmark file2: modified from file1 4c4: changed the 4th row of file1 4, 6d3: deleted from 4 to 6 row in file1, at the place of row 3 in file2 < a: delete a > b: add b ---: separate modified place of file1 and file2	https://www.cnblogs.com/sevck/p/5036976.html
ssh -X dn121201	transfer to dn server, "-X" means gui should be supported.(when open tachyon-flex gui)
awk	求和：awk '{sum += $1};END {print sum}'  test.txt

3 vim

Command	Meaning	Reference Linking
i	insert at the curser
a	add after curser
A	add at the end of this row
x	remove character at curser
nx	remove n character at curser
dd	remove or cut the whole row
ndd	remove or cut n row begin at curser
/text	find the first “text” pattern in current file after curser
?text	find the first “text” pattern in current file before curser
s/old/new	substitute “old” pattern use “new”
yy	copy current row to cache
nyy	copy n rows to cache from curser
p	paste from cache
u	cancel the last modification
:set nu	display number of rows
:set nonu	remove number of rows
:q	quit from vi
:w	save modifications
:q!	quit without save of modifications
:w!	save it forcely
:wq!	save and quit forcely
:vsplit [filename]	vertically split the screen and open a new file
:u	undo
:nu	undo for n times
:row_begin, row_end >	to tab from row_begin to row_end
:row_begin, row_end <	to reverse tab from row_gebin to row_end
:/search_word  + n /N	press n to search forward, N to search backward
:/foo\c	search "foo" and set case insensetive
:/foo\C	search "foo" and set case insensetive
:%s/Template\C/int/g	search all "Template" and replace them with "int"
:3,4s/Template/int	search "Template" in 3 and 4 row and replace them with "int"
ps -ef |grep kwang10
killall -u kwang10	kill all for kwang10
automatically edit format	set in .vimrcshift + g + line_begin: move to line head filetype plugin indent on set cindent shiftwidth=4 v: transform to visual mode shift + g + line_end: move line end =

4 g++

Command	Meaning	Reference Linking
g++ -E test.cpp -o test.i	preprocessing, operated by the preprocessor, to produce a file ended with ".i"
g++ -S test.i -o test.s	compilation, to compile a ".i" ended file into a ".s" ended file
g++ -c test.s -o test.o	assembly, operated by the compiler, to produce a binary file
g++ test.o -o test.out	linking, linker will link all ".o" files to produce a executable file
g++ main.cpp -o main	compiling and linking a single main.cpp
g++ main.cpp include/add.cpp -o main	compliling many different files together, with .h and .cpp files
g++ src/.*cpp -c -Iinclude/	compile all ,cpp files in src into .o files
ar rcs libMyAdd.a *.o	to package all .o files into a .a static linking libraries. "lib + name + .a" is the standard naming rules for static linking libraries.
g++ main.cpp lib/libMyAdd.a -o sum -Iinclude/ g++ main.cpp -Iinclude/ -L./lib -lMyAdd	to compile main.cpp with static linking libraries.
g++ -fpic -c src/*.cpp	to create binary code location independently
g++ -shared -o libMyAdd.so *.o -Iinclude	to package all .o files into a .so shared linking libraries.
g++ main.cpp lib/libMyAdd.so -o app -Iinclude g++ main.cpp -Iinclude/ -L./lib -lMyAdd -o app	to compile main.cpp with shared linking libraries error: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory solution 1: add .so path into LD_LIBARY_PATH $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib // temporary effective solution 2: add it into .bashrc $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/kwang10/test/lib $ source ~/.bashrc
ldd app	check if all the files which app depends are normal
g++ -*	-o: to name the executable file  -D: to define Macro definition -I: to specify the path to the header files -g: added when debugging using gdc -O: to determine compiler optimization accoring to number, from 1 to 3 -Wall: to output warning information -std=C++11

5 gdb

start	start to execute, only execute one step
r	Start running program until a breakpoint or end of program
n(next)	next step
s(step)	runs the next line of the program
s N	runs the next line of the program
difference between next and step	n will not enter a function, but s can enter a function
c(continue)	continue to execute until meet a break point
f	runs until the current function is finished
l file_name:	+ row number + function name  press enter to show next lines
b(break)	b n : set a break point at the n line of current file b n if condition == true : set if true b file.c: N : set at the N line of file "" b fun: set at the begining of function "fun"
i b(information break)	to show break point information
p variable name	view value of variable
ptype	view type of variable