狂神说笔记——SpringBoot操作数据库22-3
SpringBoot操作数据库(3)
5.整合Shiro
1.Shiro简介
1.什么是Shiro?
- Apache Shiro 是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。
- Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在Java EE环
境。 - Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
- 下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/
2.有哪些功能?
- Authentication:身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
- Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
- Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境;
- Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
- Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
- Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
- Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
- Testing:提供测试支持;
- Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
- Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了。
3.Shiro架构(外部)
- 从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:
- subject: 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject, Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是 Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject其 实是一个门面,SecurityManageer 才是实际的执行者
- SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互,并且它 管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于 SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
- Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager 要验证 用户身份,那么它需要从Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从 Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看成 DataSource;
4.Shiro架构(内部)
- Subject:任何可以与应用交互的 ‘用户’;
- Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有具体的交互 都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理者所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话,及缓存的管理。
- Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
- Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的那些功能;
- Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可以用JDBC实现,也可以是内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm。
- SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中。
- CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
- Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密,解密等。
2.Hello,Shiro
- 查看官网文档:http://shiro.apache.org/tutorial.html
- 官方的quickstart:https://github.com/apache/shiro/tree/master/samples/quickstart/
1.快速实践
- 创建一个
maven父工程
,用于学习Shiro,删掉不必要的东西。 - 创建一个普通的Maven子工程:shiro-01-helloworld。
- 根据官方文档,导入Shiro的依赖。
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shiro/shiro-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- configure logging -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-log4j12 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.17.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 编写Shiro配置——log4j.properties。
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
- shiro.ini
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
- 编写自己的QuickStrat
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
//import org.apache.shiro.ini.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
//import org.apache.shiro.lang.util.Factory;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
*
* @since 0.9 RC2
*/
public class Quickstart {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
// get the currently executing user:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
System.exit(0);
}
}
-
测试运行一下。
-
发现,执行完毕什么都没有,可能是maven依赖中的作用域问题,我们需要将scope作用域删掉,
默认是在test,然后重启,那么我们的quickstart就结束了,默认的日志消息!
[main] INFO [org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager] - Enabling session validation scheduler...
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - Retrieved the correct value! [aValue]
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - User [lonestarr] logged in successfully.
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - May the Schwartz be with you!
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. Here are the keys - have fun!
- OK!
2.代码解释
- 导入了一堆包!
- 类的描述
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
* 简单的快速启动应用程序,演示如何使用Shiro的API。
*/
- 通过工厂模式创建SecurityManager的实例对象。
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// 使用类路径根目录下的shiro.ini文件
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new
IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// 现在已经建立了一个简单的Shiro环境,让我们看看您可以做什么:
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can
do:
- 获取当前的Subject
// get the currently executing user: 获取当前正在执行的用户
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
- session的操作
// 用会话做一些事情(不需要web或EJB容器!!!)
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
Session session = currentUser.getSession(); //获得session
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); //设置Session的值!
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); //从session中获取值
if (value.equals("aValue")) { //判断session中是否存在这个值!
log.info("==Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
- 用户认证功能
// 测试当前的用户是否已经被认证,即是否已经登录!
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and
permissions:
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { // isAuthenticated();是否认证
//将用户名和密码封装为 UsernamePasswordToken ;
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true); //记住我功能
try {
currentUser.login(token); //执行登录,可以登录成功的!
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { //如果没有指定的用户,则
UnknownAccountException异常
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { //密码不对的异常!
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) { //用户被锁定的异常
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " + "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to
your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //认证异常,上面的异常都是它的子类
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//说出他们是谁:
//say who they are:
//打印他们的标识主体(在本例中为用户名):
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
- 角色检查
// test a role:
// 是否存在某一个角色
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
- 权限检查,粗粒度
//测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
- 权限检查,细粒度
//测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为,比上面更加的具体!
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license
plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5'
winnebago!");
}
- 注销操作
//执行注销操作!
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
- 退出系统
System.exit(0)
;
OK,一个简单的Shiro程序体验结束!!!
3.集成shiro
1.准备工作
- 搭建一个SpringBoot项目、选中web模块即可!
- 导入Maven依赖
thymeleaf
<!--thymeleaf模板-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 编写一个页面 index.html——
templates
📂
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页哦!</h1>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
</body>
</html>
- 编写controller进行访问测试。
package com.github.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String toIndex(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,Shiro!");
return "index";
}
}
- 访问测试!
2.整合Shiro
回顾核心API:
- Subject:用户主体
- SecurityManager:安全管理器
- Realm:Shiro 连接数据
步骤:
- 导入Shiro 和 spring整合的依赖。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
- 编写Shiro 配置类——
config包
package com.github.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
// 声明为配置类
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
// 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
// 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
// 创建 realm 对象
}
- 创建一个realm对象,需要自定义一个realm的类,用来编写一些查询的方法,或者认证与授权的逻辑。
package com.github.config;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
// 自定义Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
// 执行授权逻辑
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("执行 => 授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
return null;
}
// 执行认证逻辑
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了 => 认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
return null;
}
}
- 将这个类注册到我们的Bean中!——
ShiroConfig
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
// 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
// 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
// 创建 realm 对象
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
}
- 创建
DefaultWebSecurityManager
// 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager
getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new
DefaultWebSecurityManager();
// 关联Realm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return securityManager;
}
- 创建
ShiroFilterFactoryBean
// 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean
getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new
ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
// 设置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
完整的配置:
package com.github.config;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
// 声明为配置类
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
// 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean
getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new
ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
// 设置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
// 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager
getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new
DefaultWebSecurityManager();
// 关联Realm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return securityManager;
}
// 创建 realm 对象
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
}
3.页面拦截实现
- 编写两个页面、在templates目录下新建一个user目录
add.html、update.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>ADD</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ADD</h1>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>update</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>update</h1>
</body>
</html>
- 编写跳转到页面的controller
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String toIndex(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,Shiro!");
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/add")
public String toAdd(){
return "user/add";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/update")
public String toUpdate(){
return "user/update";
}
}
- 在index页面上,增加跳转链接
<body>
<h1>首页哦!</h1>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
<hr />
<a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a> | <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
</body>
- 测试页面跳转是否OK
- 准备添加Shiro的内置过滤器
// 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean
getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new
ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
// 设置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
/*
添加Shiro内置过滤器,常用的有如下过滤器:
anon: 无需认证就可以访问
authc: 必须认证才可以访问
user: 如果使用了记住我功能就可以直接访问
perms: 拥有某个资源权限才可以访问
role: 拥有某个角色权限才可以访问
*/
Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
filterMap.put("/user/add","authc");
filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
- 再起启动测试,访问链接进行测试!拦截OK!但是发现,点击后会跳转到一个Login.jsp页面,这 个不是我们想要的效果,我们需要自己定义一个Login页面!
- 编写一个个人的Login.html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<hr />
<form action="">
<p>
用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
</p>
<p>
密码: <input type="text" name="password">
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit">
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
- 编写跳转的controller
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "login";
}
- 在shiro中配置一下!
ShiroFilterFactoryBean() 方法下面
- 再次测试,成功的跳转到了我们指定的Login页面!
- 优化一下,使用通配符来操作!
- 测试一下!
4.登录认证操作
- 编写登录的controller
// 登陆操作
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
// 使用shiro,编写认证操作
// 1. 获取Subject
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// 2. 封装用户的数据
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username,
password);
// 3. 执行登录的方法,只要没有异常就代表登录成功!
try {
// 登录成功!返回首页
subject.login(token);
return "index";
// 用户名不存在
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在");
return "login";
// 密码错误
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
return "login";
}
}
- 在前端修改对应的信息输出或者请求!登录页面增加一个msg提示:
<p style="color:red;" th:text="${msg}"></p>
- 给表单增加一个提交地址:
<form th:action="@{/login}">
<p>
用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
</p>
<p>
密码: <input type="text" name="password">
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit">
</p>
</form>
- 测试一下:
- 在UserRealm中编写用户认证的判断逻辑:
// 执行认证逻辑
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了 => 认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
// 数据库的用户名和密码
String name = "root";
String password = "root";
// 1.判断用户名
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)token;
if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
// 用户名不存在
// shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
return null;
}
// 2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo
// shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码!
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", password, "");
}
- 测试一下!
5.整合数据库
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;
USE `mybatis`;
CREATE TABLE `user`(
`id` INT(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `user`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`) VALUES
(1,'subei','123456'),
(2,'张三','123456'),
(3,'李四','123456');
- 导入Mybatis相关依赖
<!-- 引入 myBatis,这是 MyBatis官方提供的适配 Spring Boot 的,而不是Spring
Boot自己的-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
- 编写配置文件-连接配置——
application.yml
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: root
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#SpringBoot默认是不注入这些的,需要自己绑定
#druid数据源专有配置
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
#配置监控统计拦截的filters,stat:监控统计、log4j:日志记录、wall:防御sql注入
#如果允许报错,java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.Log4j.Properity
#则导入log4j 依赖就行
filters: stat,wall,log4j
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionoProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
- 编写mybatis的配置——
application.properties
# 别名配置
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.github.pojo
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
- 编写实体类,引入Lombok
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.22</version>
</dependency>
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
- 编写Mapper接口
@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public User queryUserByName(String name);
}
- 编写Mapper配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.github.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="queryUserByName" parameterType="String"
resultType="User">
select * from user where name = #{name}
</select>
</mapper>
- 编写UserService 层
public interface UserService {
public User queryUserByName(String name);
}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
UserMapper mapper;
@Override
public User queryUserByName(String name) {
return mapper.queryUserByName(name);
}
}
- 测试一下,保证能够从数据库中查询出来。
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootShiroApplicationTests {
@Autowired
UserServiceImpl userService;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
System.out.println(userService.queryUserByName("root"));
}
}
- 改造UserRealm,连接到数据库进行真实的操作!
// 自定义Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
// 执行授权逻辑
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo
doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
return null;
}
// 执行认证逻辑
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo
doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws
AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)token;
// 真实连接数据库
User user =
userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user==null){
// 用户名不存在
return null; // shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", user.getPwd(), "");
}
}
- 测试成功!
思考:密码比对原理探究
- 这个Shiro,是怎么帮我们实现密码自动比对的呢?
- 去 realm的父类
AuthorizingRealm
的父类AuthenticatingRealm
中找一个方法; - 核心:
getCredentialsMatcher
() 翻译过来:获取证书匹配器; - 去看这个接口
CredentialsMatcher
有很多的实现类,MD5盐值加密;
- 去 realm的父类
密码一般都不能使用明文保存?
- 需要加密处理;思路分析
- 如何把一个字符串加密为MD5;
- 替换当前的Realm 的 CredentialsMatcher 属性,直接使用
Md5CredentialsMatcher
对象, 并设置加密算法;
// 密码验证
// 加密 md5
HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
// 加密算法的名称
hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("MD5");
// 是否让它 进行16进制的编码
hashedCredentialsMatcher.isStoredCredentialsHexEncoded();
// 迭代的次数
// hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(3);
SimpleHash simpleHash = new SimpleHash("MD5",user.getPwd() );
String s = simpleHash.toHex();
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",s,"");
6.用户授权操作
使用shiro的过滤器来拦截请求即可!
- 在
ShiroFilterFactoryBean
中添加一个过滤器:
// 授权过滤器
filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]"); // 大家记得注意顺序!
-
再次启动测试一下,访问add,发现以下错误!未授权错误!
-
注意:当我们实现权限拦截后,shiro会自动跳转到未授权的页面,但没有这个页面,所有401了;
-
配置一个未授权的提示的页面,增加一个controller提示;
@RequestMapping("/noauth")
@ResponseBody
public String noAuth(){
return "未经授权不能访问此页面";
}
- 然后再 shiroFilterFactoryBean 中配置一个未授权的请求页面!
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");
- 测试,现在没有授权,可以跳转到我们指定的位置了!
7.用户授权操作
- 在UserRealm 中添加授权的逻辑,增加授权的字符串!
// 执行授权逻辑
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection
principals) {
System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
// 给资源进行授权
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
// 添加资源的授权字符串
info.addStringPermission("user:add");
return info;
}
- 再次登录测试,发现登录的用户是可以进行访问add 页面了!授权成功!
问题,我们现在完全是硬编码,无论是谁登录上来,都可以实现授权通过,但是真实的业务情况应该 是,每个用户拥有自己的一些权限,从而进行操作,所以说,权限,应该在用户的数据库中,正常的情 况下,应该数据库中是由一个权限表的,我们需要联表查询,但是这里为了大家操作理解方便一些,我 们直接在数据库表中增加一个字段来进行操作!
- 修改实体类,增加一个字段
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
private String perms;
}
-
在自定义的授权认证中,获取登录的用户,从而实现动态认证授权操作!
- 在用户登录授权的时候,将用户放在 Principal 中,改造下之前的代码
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPwd(), "");
- 然后再授权的地方获得这个用户,从而获得它的权限
// 执行授权逻辑
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo
doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
// 给资源进行授权
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
// 添加资源的授权字符串
// info.addStringPermission("user:add");
// 获得当前对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// 拿到User对象
User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();
// 设置权限
info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
return info;
}
- 给数据库中的用户增加一些权限
- 在过滤器中,将update请求也进行权限拦截下
- 启动测试,登录不同的账户,进行测试一下!测试完美通过OK!
8.整合Thymeleaf
根据权限展示不同的前端页面
- 添加Maven的依赖;
<!--https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.theborakompanioni/thymeleaf-extras-shiro -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
- 配置一个shiro的Dialect ,在shiro的配置中增加一个Bean
// 配置ShiroDialect:方言,用于 thymeleaf 和 shiro 标签配合使用
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
return new ShiroDialect();
}
- 修改前端的配置
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页哦!</h1>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
<hr />
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
<a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
</div>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
<a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
- 测试一下,可以发现,现在首页什么都没有了,因为我们没有登录,我们可以尝试登录下,来判断这个Shiro的效果!登录后,可以看到不同的用户,有不同的效果,现在就已经接近完美了~!但还有问题!
- 在用户登录后应该把信息放到Session中,我们完善下!在执行认证逻辑时候,加入session。
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.getSession().setAttribute("loginUser",user);
- 前端从session中获取,然后用来判断是否显示登录。
<p th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
<a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</p>
- 测试一下!
欢迎查阅