狂神说笔记——SpringBoot操作数据库22-3

SpringBoot操作数据库(3)

5.整合Shiro

1.Shiro简介

1.什么是Shiro?

  • Apache Shiro 是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。
  • Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在Java EE环
    境。
  • Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
  • 下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/

在这里插入图片描述

2.有哪些功能?

在这里插入图片描述

  • Authentication:身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
  • Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
  • Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境;
  • Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
  • Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
  • Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
  • Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
  • Testing:提供测试支持;
  • Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
  • Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了。

3.Shiro架构(外部)

  • 从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:

在这里插入图片描述

  • subject: 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject, Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是 Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject其 实是一个门面,SecurityManageer 才是实际的执行者
  • SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互,并且它 管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于 SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
  • Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager 要验证 用户身份,那么它需要从Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从 Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看成 DataSource;

4.Shiro架构(内部)

在这里插入图片描述

  • Subject:任何可以与应用交互的 ‘用户’;
  • Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有具体的交互 都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理者所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话,及缓存的管理。
  • Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
  • Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的那些功能;
  • Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可以用JDBC实现,也可以是内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm。
  • SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中。
  • CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
  • Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密,解密等。

2.Hello,Shiro

1.快速实践

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 创建一个maven父工程,用于学习Shiro,删掉不必要的东西。
  2. 创建一个普通的Maven子工程:shiro-01-helloworld。
  3. 根据官方文档,导入Shiro的依赖。
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shiro/shiro-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- configure logging -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-log4j12 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.17.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  1. 编写Shiro配置——log4j.properties。
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
  • shiro.ini
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
  1. 编写自己的QuickStrat
/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
//import org.apache.shiro.ini.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
//import org.apache.shiro.lang.util.Factory;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}
  1. 测试运行一下。

  2. 发现,执行完毕什么都没有,可能是maven依赖中的作用域问题,我们需要将scope作用域删掉,
    默认是在test,然后重启,那么我们的quickstart就结束了,默认的日志消息!

[main] INFO [org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager] - Enabling session validation scheduler... 
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - Retrieved the correct value! [aValue] 
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - User [lonestarr] logged in successfully. 
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - May the Schwartz be with you! 
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely. 
[main] INFO [Quickstart] - You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  Here are the keys - have fun! 
  1. OK!

2.代码解释

  1. 导入了一堆包!
  2. 类的描述
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.  
* 简单的快速启动应用程序,演示如何使用Shiro的API。
*/
  1. 通过工厂模式创建SecurityManager的实例对象。
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// 使用类路径根目录下的shiro.ini文件
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new
IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

// 现在已经建立了一个简单的Shiro环境,让我们看看您可以做什么:
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can
do:
  1. 获取当前的Subject
// get the currently executing user: 获取当前正在执行的用户
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
  1. session的操作
// 用会话做一些事情(不需要web或EJB容器!!!)
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
Session session = currentUser.getSession(); //获得session
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); //设置Session的值!
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); //从session中获取值
if (value.equals("aValue")) { //判断session中是否存在这个值!
   log.info("==Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
  1. 用户认证功能
// 测试当前的用户是否已经被认证,即是否已经登录!
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and
permissions:
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { // isAuthenticated();是否认证
   //将用户名和密码封装为 UsernamePasswordToken ;
   UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
   token.setRememberMe(true); //记住我功能
   try {
       currentUser.login(token); //执行登录,可以登录成功的!
  } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { //如果没有指定的用户,则
UnknownAccountException异常
       log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
  } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { //密码不对的异常!
       log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
  } catch (LockedAccountException lae) { //用户被锁定的异常
       log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " + "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
  }
   // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to
your application?
   catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //认证异常,上面的异常都是它的子类
       //unexpected condition? error?
  }
}
//说出他们是谁:
//say who they are:  
//打印他们的标识主体(在本例中为用户名):
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");               
  1. 角色检查
// test a role:
// 是否存在某一个角色
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
   log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
   log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
  1. 权限检查,粗粒度
//测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
   log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
   log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
  1. 权限检查,细粒度
//测试用户是否具有某一个权限,行为,比上面更加的具体!
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
   log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license
plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
            "Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
   log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5'
winnebago!");
}
  1. 注销操作
//执行注销操作!
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
  1. 退出系统System.exit(0);

OK,一个简单的Shiro程序体验结束!!!

3.集成shiro

1.准备工作

  1. 搭建一个SpringBoot项目、选中web模块即可!
  2. 导入Maven依赖thymeleaf
<!--thymeleaf模板-->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
   <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
   <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
</dependency>
  1. 编写一个页面 index.html——templates📂
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
        <h1>首页哦!</h1>
        <p th:text="${msg}"></p>
</body>
</html>
  1. 编写controller进行访问测试。
package com.github.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
    public String toIndex(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,Shiro!");
        return "index";
    }
}
  1. 访问测试!

在这里插入图片描述

2.整合Shiro

回顾核心API:

  1. Subject:用户主体
  2. SecurityManager:安全管理器
  3. Realm:Shiro 连接数据

步骤:

  1. 导入Shiro 和 spring整合的依赖。
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
  1. 编写Shiro 配置类——config包
package com.github.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

// 声明为配置类
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    // 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    
    // 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    
    // 创建 realm 对象

}
  1. 创建一个realm对象,需要自定义一个realm的类,用来编写一些查询的方法,或者认证与授权的逻辑。
package com.github.config;

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;

// 自定义Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    // 执行授权逻辑
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("执行 => 授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
        return null;
    }

    // 执行认证逻辑
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了 => 认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
        return null;
    }
}
  1. 将这个类注册到我们的Bean中!——ShiroConfig
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    // 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean

    // 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager

    // 创建 realm 对象
    @Bean
    public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
    }
}
  1. 创建DefaultWebSecurityManager
    // 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager
    getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new
                DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        // 关联Realm
        securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return securityManager;
    }
  1. 创建ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    // 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new
                ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        // 设置安全管理器
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }

完整的配置:

package com.github.config;

import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

// 声明为配置类
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    // 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new
                ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        // 设置安全管理器
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }

    // 创建 DefaultWebSecurityManager
    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager
    getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm")UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new
                DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        // 关联Realm
        securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return securityManager;
    }

    // 创建 realm 对象
    @Bean
    public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
    }
}

3.页面拦截实现

  1. 编写两个页面、在templates目录下新建一个user目录add.html、update.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>ADD</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>ADD</h1>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>update</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>update</h1>
</body>
</html>
  1. 编写跳转到页面的controller
@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
    public String toIndex(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,Shiro!");
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/add")
    public String toAdd(){
        return "user/add";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/update")
    public String toUpdate(){
        return "user/update";
    }
}
  1. 在index页面上,增加跳转链接
<body>
        <h1>首页哦!</h1>
        <p th:text="${msg}"></p>
        <hr />
        <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a> | <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
</body>
  1. 测试页面跳转是否OK

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  1. 准备添加Shiro的内置过滤器
// 创建 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager")DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
    ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
    // 设置安全管理器
    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
    /*
        添加Shiro内置过滤器,常用的有如下过滤器:
        anon: 无需认证就可以访问
        authc: 必须认证才可以访问
        user: 如果使用了记住我功能就可以直接访问
        perms: 拥有某个资源权限才可以访问
        role: 拥有某个角色权限才可以访问
        */
    Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
    filterMap.put("/user/add","authc");
    filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
    shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
    return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
  1. 再起启动测试,访问链接进行测试!拦截OK!但是发现,点击后会跳转到一个Login.jsp页面,这 个不是我们想要的效果,我们需要自己定义一个Login页面!

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  1. 编写一个个人的Login.html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
        <h1>登录</h1>
        <hr />
        <form action="">
            <p>
                用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
            </p>
            <p>
                密码: <input type="text" name="password">
            </p>
            <p>
                <input type="submit">
            </p>
        </form>
</body>
</html>
  1. 编写跳转的controller
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
    return "login";
}
  1. 在shiro中配置一下! ShiroFilterFactoryBean() 方法下面

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  1. 再次测试,成功的跳转到了我们指定的Login页面!

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  1. 优化一下,使用通配符来操作!

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  1. 测试一下!

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4.登录认证操作

  1. 编写登录的controller
    // 登陆操作
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
        // 使用shiro,编写认证操作
        // 1. 获取Subject
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        // 2. 封装用户的数据
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username,
                password);
        // 3. 执行登录的方法,只要没有异常就代表登录成功!
        try {
            // 登录成功!返回首页
            subject.login(token);
            return "index";
            // 用户名不存在
        } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
            model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在");
            return "login";
            // 密码错误
        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
            model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
            return "login";
        }
    }
  1. 在前端修改对应的信息输出或者请求!登录页面增加一个msg提示:
<p style="color:red;" th:text="${msg}"></p>
  • 给表单增加一个提交地址:
<form th:action="@{/login}">
    <p>
        用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
    </p>
    <p>
        密码: <input type="text" name="password">
    </p>
    <p>
        <input type="submit">
    </p>
</form>
  1. 测试一下:

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  1. 在UserRealm中编写用户认证的判断逻辑:
// 执行认证逻辑
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
    System.out.println("执行了 => 认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");

    // 数据库的用户名和密码
    String name = "root";
    String password = "root";
    // 1.判断用户名
    UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)token;
    if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
        // 用户名不存在
        // shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
        return null; 
    }
    // 2. 验证密码,我们可以使用一个AuthenticationInfo实现类SimpleAuthenticationInfo
    //  shiro会自动帮我们验证!重点是第二个参数就是要验证的密码!
    return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", password, "");

}
  1. 测试一下!

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5.整合数据库

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CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;

USE `mybatis`;

CREATE TABLE `user`(
	`id` INT(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
	`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
	`pwd` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `user`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`) VALUES
(1,'subei','123456'),
(2,'张三','123456'),
(3,'李四','123456');
  1. 导入Mybatis相关依赖
<!-- 引入 myBatis,这是 MyBatis官方提供的适配 Spring Boot 的,而不是Spring
        Boot自己的-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
  1. 编写配置文件-连接配置——application.yml
spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: root
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

    #SpringBoot默认是不注入这些的,需要自己绑定
    #druid数据源专有配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    #配置监控统计拦截的filters,stat:监控统计、log4j:日志记录、wall:防御sql注入
    #如果允许报错,java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.Log4j.Properity
    #则导入log4j 依赖就行
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionoProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
  1. 编写mybatis的配置——application.properties
# 别名配置
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.github.pojo
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
  1. 编写实体类,引入Lombok
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.22</version>
</dependency>
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;
}
  1. 编写Mapper接口
@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {

    public User queryUserByName(String name);

}
  1. 编写Mapper配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.github.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="queryUserByName" parameterType="String"
            resultType="User">
        select * from user where name = #{name}
    </select>

</mapper>
  1. 编写UserService 层
public interface UserService {

    public User queryUserByName(String name);

}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

    @Autowired
    UserMapper mapper;


    @Override
    public User queryUserByName(String name) {
        return mapper.queryUserByName(name);
    }
}
  1. 测试一下,保证能够从数据库中查询出来。
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootShiroApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    UserServiceImpl userService;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(userService.queryUserByName("root"));
    }

}

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  1. 改造UserRealm,连接到数据库进行真实的操作!
// 自定义Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;
    // 执行授权逻辑
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo
    doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
        return null;
    }
    // 执行认证逻辑
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo
    doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws
            AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了=>认证逻辑AuthenticationToken");
        UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken)token;
        // 真实连接数据库
        User user =
                userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
        if (user==null){
            // 用户名不存在
            return null; // shiro底层就会抛出 UnknownAccountException
        }
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", user.getPwd(), "");
    }
}
  • 测试成功!

在这里插入图片描述

思考:密码比对原理探究

  • 这个Shiro,是怎么帮我们实现密码自动比对的呢?
    • 去 realm的父类 AuthorizingRealm 的父类 AuthenticatingRealm 中找一个方法;
    • 核心: getCredentialsMatcher() 翻译过来:获取证书匹配器;
    • 去看这个接口 CredentialsMatcher 有很多的实现类,MD5盐值加密;

密码一般都不能使用明文保存?

  • 需要加密处理;思路分析
  1. 如何把一个字符串加密为MD5;
  2. 替换当前的Realm 的 CredentialsMatcher 属性,直接使用 Md5CredentialsMatcher 对象, 并设置加密算法;
// 密码验证
// 加密 md5
HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
// 加密算法的名称
hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("MD5");
// 是否让它 进行16进制的编码
hashedCredentialsMatcher.isStoredCredentialsHexEncoded();
// 迭代的次数
// hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(3);
SimpleHash simpleHash = new SimpleHash("MD5",user.getPwd() );
String s = simpleHash.toHex();
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",s,"");

6.用户授权操作

使用shiro的过滤器来拦截请求即可!

  1. ShiroFilterFactoryBean中添加一个过滤器:
// 授权过滤器
filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]"); // 大家记得注意顺序!
  1. 再次启动测试一下,访问add,发现以下错误!未授权错误!
    在这里插入图片描述

  2. 注意:当我们实现权限拦截后,shiro会自动跳转到未授权的页面,但没有这个页面,所有401了;

  3. 配置一个未授权的提示的页面,增加一个controller提示;

@RequestMapping("/noauth")
@ResponseBody
public String noAuth(){
    return "未经授权不能访问此页面";
}
  • 然后再 shiroFilterFactoryBean 中配置一个未授权的请求页面!
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");
  1. 测试,现在没有授权,可以跳转到我们指定的位置了!

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7.用户授权操作

  • 在UserRealm 中添加授权的逻辑,增加授权的字符串!
// 执行授权逻辑
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection
                                                   principals) {
    System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
    // 给资源进行授权
    SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
    // 添加资源的授权字符串
    info.addStringPermission("user:add");
    return info;
}
  • 再次登录测试,发现登录的用户是可以进行访问add 页面了!授权成功!

在这里插入图片描述

问题,我们现在完全是硬编码,无论是谁登录上来,都可以实现授权通过,但是真实的业务情况应该 是,每个用户拥有自己的一些权限,从而进行操作,所以说,权限,应该在用户的数据库中,正常的情 况下,应该数据库中是由一个权限表的,我们需要联表查询,但是这里为了大家操作理解方便一些,我 们直接在数据库表中增加一个字段来进行操作!

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 修改实体类,增加一个字段
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;
    private String perms;
}
  1. 在自定义的授权认证中,获取登录的用户,从而实现动态认证授权操作!

    • 在用户登录授权的时候,将用户放在 Principal 中,改造下之前的代码

    在这里插入图片描述

    return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPwd(), "");
    
    • 然后再授权的地方获得这个用户,从而获得它的权限
// 执行授权逻辑
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo
    doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
    System.out.println("执行了=>授权逻辑PrincipalCollection");
    // 给资源进行授权
    SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
    // 添加资源的授权字符串
    // info.addStringPermission("user:add");
    // 获得当前对象
    Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    // 拿到User对象
    User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();
    // 设置权限
    info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
    return info;
}
  1. 给数据库中的用户增加一些权限

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  1. 在过滤器中,将update请求也进行权限拦截下
  1. 启动测试,登录不同的账户,进行测试一下!测试完美通过OK!

8.整合Thymeleaf

根据权限展示不同的前端页面

  1. 添加Maven的依赖;
<!--https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.theborakompanioni/thymeleaf-extras-shiro -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
  1. 配置一个shiro的Dialect ,在shiro的配置中增加一个Bean
// 配置ShiroDialect:方言,用于 thymeleaf 和 shiro 标签配合使用
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
    return new ShiroDialect();
}
  1. 修改前端的配置
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
        <h1>首页哦!</h1>
        <p th:text="${msg}"></p>
        <hr />
        <div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
            <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
        </div>
        <div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
            <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
        </div>
</body>
</html>
  1. 测试一下,可以发现,现在首页什么都没有了,因为我们没有登录,我们可以尝试登录下,来判断这个Shiro的效果!登录后,可以看到不同的用户,有不同的效果,现在就已经接近完美了~!但还有问题!

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 在用户登录后应该把信息放到Session中,我们完善下!在执行认证逻辑时候,加入session。
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.getSession().setAttribute("loginUser",user);
  1. 前端从session中获取,然后用来判断是否显示登录。
<p th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</p>
  1. 测试一下!

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posted @ 2022-02-07 21:18  subeiLY  阅读(382)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报