1 public static void main(String[] args) {
 2         Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
 3         map.put("a", 1);
 4         
 5         System.out.println("------------toString()-------------");
 6         try {
 7             System.out.println(map.get("b").toString());
 8         } catch (NullPointerException e) {
 9             System.out.println("toString():直接会报空指针异常"); //toString()会报空指针异常
10         }
11         System.out.println();
12         
13         System.out.println("------------String.valueOf-------------");        
14         System.out.println("String.valueOf 输出值为:"+String.valueOf(map.get("b"))); //输出值为null
15         System.out.println("“null”.equals String.valueOf输出值为:"+"null".equals(String.valueOf(map.get("b")))); //输出值为null,其实是字符串"null"
16         System.out.println();
17         
18         System.out.println("------------(String)-------------");        
19         System.out.println("(String) 输出值为:"+(String) map.get("b")); //输出为null
20         System.out.println("“null”.equals (String)对比时输出值为:"+"null".equals((String) map.get("b"))); //输出值为null,其实是个空对象
21         try {
22             System.out.println(((String) map.get("b")).equals("null"));
23         } catch (NullPointerException e) {
24             System.out.println("(String) .equals(“null”):对比时会报空指针异常"); //(String)强转,使用equals函数会报空指针异常
25         }
26     }

总结:空对象使用一下函数时:

  toString():直接会报空指针异常

  String.valueOf:输出值为null,其实是字符串"null"

  (String)://输出值为null,其实是个空对象