1.对象有id、host、port三个属性
2.定义工具create_id，在实例化时为每个对象随机生成id，保证id唯一
3.提供两种实例化方式，方式一：用户传入host和port 方式二：从配置文件中读取host和port进行实例化
4.为对象定制方法，save和get_obj_by_id，save能自动将对象序列化到文件中，文件路径为配置文件中DB_PATH,文件名为id号，保存之前验证对象是否已经存在，若存在则抛出异常，;get_obj_by_id方法用来从文件中反序列化出对象
HOST='127.0.0.1'
PORT=3306
DB_PATH=r'E:\CMS\aaa\db'
'''
from conf import settings
import uuid
import pickle
import os
class MySQL:
def __init__(self,host,port):
self.id=self.create_id()
self.host=host
self.port=port
def save(self):
if not self.is_exists:
raise PermissionError('对象已存在')
file_path=r'%s%s%s' %(settings.DB_PATH,os.sep,self.id)
pickle.dump(self,open(file_path,'wb'))
@property
def is_exists(self):
tag=True
files=os.listdir(settings.DB_PATH)
for file in files:
file_abspath=r'%s%s%s' %(settings.DB_PATH,os.sep,file)
obj=pickle.load(open(file_abspath,'rb'))
if self.host == obj.host and self.port == obj.port:
tag=False
break
return tag
@staticmethod
def get_obj_by_id(id):
file_abspath = r'%s%s%s' % (settings.DB_PATH, os.sep, id)
return pickle.load(open(file_abspath,'rb'))
@staticmethod
def create_id():
return str(uuid.uuid1())
@classmethod
def from_conf(cls):
print(cls)
return cls(settings.HOST,settings.PORT)
# print(MySQL.from_conf) #<bound method MySQL.from_conf of <class '__main__.MySQL'>>
conn=MySQL.from_conf()
conn.save()
conn1=MySQL('127.0.0.1',3306)
conn1.save() #抛出异常PermissionError: 对象已存在
obj=MySQL.get_obj_by_id('7e6c5ec0-7e9f-11e7-9acc-408d5c2f84ca')
print(obj.host)
2、定义一个类：圆形，该类有半径，周长，面积等属性，将半径隐藏起来，将周长与面积开放
参考答案（http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7340801.html#_label4）
import math
class Circle:
def __init__(self, r):
self.__r = r
@property
def area(self):
return math.pi * self.__r ** 2
@property
def perimeter(self):
return 2 * math.pi * self.__r
@property
def get_r(self):
return self.__r
c = Circle(10)
print(c.get_r)
print(c.area)
print(c.perimeter)
3、使用abc模块定义一个phone抽象类 并编写一个具体的实现类'''
import abc #利用abc模块实现抽象类
class Phone(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
@abc.abstractmethod #定义抽象方法，无需实现功能
def phone_name(self):
pass
@abc.abstractmethod #定义抽象方法，无需实现功能
def phone_price(self):
'子类必须定义写功能'
pass
class iPhone(Phone): #子类继承抽象类，但是必须定义方法
def phone_name(self):
print('苹果手机 11')
def phone_price(self):
print('价格一万')
class huawei(Phone): #子类继承抽象类，但是必须定义方法
def phone_name(self):
print('华为手机 pr30')
def phone_price(self):
print('价格两万')
i1 = iPhone()
h1 = huawei()
i1.phone_name()
h1.phone_name()
i1.phone_price()
h1.phone_price()
4、着手编写选课系统作业
'''直接运行即可,注意细节'''
'''注意管理员为自动创建,user=admin, pass=123,直接登录即可'''
import os
import json
class User:
def __init__(self, name): # 传入用户名
self.name = name
dic = {"查看课程": 'User_see', '选择课程': 'Choice_course', "查看所选课程": 'Selected', "退出": 'Exit'}
def User_see(self): # 查看所有课程
with open('class_all.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
tmp = {} # 通过字典添加值
for index, i in enumerate(file.read().split('|')[:-1], 1):
print(index, i)
tmp.setdefault(str(index), i) # 把得到的结果放入到tmp中
return tmp # 把返回值return出去
def Choice_course(self): # 选择课程
tmp = self.User_see() # 调用查看课程的方法显示
Choice = input('请输入你选择的课程序号')
if Choice in tmp: # 判断选的课在不在列表里
with open('choice_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
chice_class = json.load(file) # 把chice_class.txt序列化出来,得到字典
if chice_class.get(self.name): # 判断用户和课程里有没有那个用户
chice_class.get(self.name).append(tmp[Choice]) # 添加到字典中
else:
chice_class.setdefault(self.name, [tmp[Choice]])
with open('choice_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
json.dump(chice_class, file, ensure_ascii=False) # 再把chice_class值放入到文件中
else:
print('不在范围内')
def Selected(self): # 查看所选课程
with open('choice_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
user_course = json.load(file) # 把chice_class.txt序列化出来,得到字典
print(user_course.get(self.name))
def Exit(self): # 退出
exit('欢迎下次再来。。。')
class Admin:
dic = {"创建课程": 'Create_course', '创建学生学生账号': 'Create_user',
"创建讲师账号": 'Create_teacher', "为讲师指定班级": "Appoint_class",
"为学生指定班级": "Student_class", "查看所有课程": 'Select_all_course',
"创建班级": "Create_class", "查看所有学生": 'Select_user_all',
"查看所有学生的选课情况": 'Select_course_user', '退出程序': 'Exit'}
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def Create_course(self): # 创建课程
Choice = input('输入创建课程名称')
with open('class_all.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='a') as file:
file.write(Choice + '|')
print('创建{}课程成功'.format(Choice))
def Create_user(self): # 创建学生账号
stu_name = input('请输入学生账号：').strip()
stu_pwd = input('请输入学生密码：').strip()
with open('user.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='a') as file:
file.write('\n{}|{}|student'.format(stu_name, stu_pwd))
print('{}同学创建成功'.format(stu_name))
def Create_teacher(self): # 创建讲师账号
stu_name = input('请输入讲师账号：').strip()
stu_pwd = input('请输入讲师密码：').strip()
with open('user.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='a') as file:
file.write('\n{}|{}|Teacher'.format(stu_name, stu_pwd))
with open('teacher.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='a') as file: # 创建完成后把name写入teacher.txt文件中
file.write(stu_name + '|')
print('{}讲师创建成功'.format(stu_name))
def Appoint_class(self): # 为讲师指定班级
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
p1 = json.load(file) # 把班级文件序列化出来
tmp1 = []
if os.path.exists('teacher.txt'): # 判断文件是否存在
with open('teacher.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='r') as file:
for i in file.readlines():
tmp1 = i.strip().split('|')[:-1] # 把值添加到tmp1列表中
for i, index in enumerate(tmp1, 1): # 显示老师名称
print(i, index)
for i, index in enumerate(p1, 1): # 显示班级名称
print(i, index)
choice_tracher = int(input('输入你选择的讲师')) - 1
with open('teacher_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='r') as file:
l1 = json.load(file)
if p1 == []: # 判断是否有班级存在
print('如果要添加则请先创建班级')
else:
choice_class = int(input('输入你选择的班级')) - 1
if l1.get(tmp1[choice_tracher]): # 判断l1字典中是否为新用户
l1.get(tmp1[choice_tracher]).append(p1[choice_class]) # 追加到后面list中
else:
l1.setdefault(tmp1[choice_tracher], [p1[choice_class]]) # 单个key value
l1[tmp1[choice_tracher]] = list(set(l1[tmp1[choice_tracher]])) # 去重
with open('teacher_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
json.dump(l1, file, ensure_ascii=False) # 写入文件
print('{}老师指定{}成功'.format(tmp1[choice_tracher], p1[choice_class]))
else:
print('清先创建讲师')
def Student_class(self): # 为学生指定班级
p1 = self.Select_user_all() # 调用Select_user_all方法,查看出有哪些学生,p1为列表
if p1 == []: # 是否有学生存在
print('清先创建学生后在来添加')
else:
if os.path.exists('Create_class.txt'):
print('所有班级为:')
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
tmp1 = json.load(file)
for i, index in enumerate(tmp1, 1):
print(i, index)
user = int(input('输入你添加的学生序号')) - 1
student = int(input('输入你添加的班级序号')) - 1
with open('student_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='r') as file:
l1 = json.load(file)
if l1.get(tmp1[student]): # 判断l1中key是否有此用户
l1.get(tmp1[student]).append(p1[user])
else:
l1.setdefault(tmp1[student], [p1[user]])
l1[tmp1[student]] = list(set(l1[tmp1[student]])) # 去重
with open('student_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
json.dump(l1, file, ensure_ascii=False)
print('{}添加{}学生成功'.format(tmp1[student], p1[user]))
else:
print('请先创建班级后再来添加')
def Create_class(self): # 创建班级
Test_class = input('输入你创建班级的名称如(-年级-班)')
if os.path.exists('Create_class.txt'): # 判断文件是否存在
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
p1 = json.load(file)
p1.append(Test_class) # 添加班级
else:
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
file.write('[]') # 创建文件,添加 []
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
p1 = json.load(file)
p1.append(Test_class)
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
json.dump(p1, file, ensure_ascii=False) # 写入文件
print('创建{}成功'.format(Test_class))
return p1 # 把列表返回出去
def Select_all_course(self): # 查看所有课程
print('查看的课程为')
with open('class_all.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
tmp = {}
for index, i in enumerate(f.read().split('|')[:-1], 1):
print(index, i, )
tmp.setdefault(str(index), i)
return tmp # 方便后面方法使用
def Select_user_all(self): # 查看所有学生
student = []
with open('user.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
print('学生用户为：')
for i, index in enumerate(file.readlines()):
if index.strip().split('|')[-1] == 'student': # 取出学生
print(i, index.strip().split('|')[0])
student.append(index.strip().split('|')[0])
return student
def Select_course_user(self): # 查看所有学生的选课情况
if os.path.exists('choice_class.txt'):
with open('choice_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
for i in file.readlines(): # 列出文件的每行类容
print(i)
else:
print('清先登录学生账号添加课程后查看')
def Exit(self): # 退出
exit('欢迎下次再来。。。')
class Teacher:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
dic = {'查看所有课程': 'Select_choice', '查看所教班级': 'Select_student',
'查看班级中的学生': 'Select_class_student', '退出': 'Exit'}
def Select_choice(self): # 查看所有课程
if os.path.exists('class_all.txt'): # 判断课程是否存在
with open('class_all.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
for i in file.readlines():
print(i.strip().split('|')[:-1])
else:
print('请先登录管理员创建课程')
def Select_student(self): # 查看所教班级
if os.path.exists('teacher_class.txt'):
with open('teacher_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
tmp1 = json.load(file).get(self.name)
print(tmp1)
return tmp1
else:
print('目前暂无,请登录管理员添加')
def Select_class_student(self): # 查看班级中的学生
if os.path.exists('teacher_class.txt') and os.path.exists('student_class.txt'):
tmp = self.Select_student() # 先调用Select_student方法查看,tmp得到返回值
with open('student_class.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student = json.load(file)
if tmp == None:
print('当前老师班级没有学生')
else:
for i in tmp:
if student.get(i):
print(i, student[i])
else:
print('目前暂无,请登录管理员添加')
def Exit(self): # 退出
exit('欢迎下次再来。。。')
class login_Test: # 判断登录账户
print('欢迎来到学员管理系统')
def __init__(self, username, password):
self.username = username
self.password = password
def login(self):
with open('user.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
for i in file.readlines(): # 取出每一行
'''判断用户密码是否正确'''
if self.username == i.strip().split('|')[0] and self.password == i.strip().split('|')[1]:
if i.strip().split('|')[-1] == 'admin':
return 'admin'
elif i.strip().split('|')[-1] == 'student':
return 'student'
elif i.strip().split('|')[-1] == 'Teacher':
return 'teacher'
else:
print('用户名密码错误')
def log_status(): # 方便后面调用
tmp = []
username = input('请输入用户名')
password = input('请输入密码')
p1 = login_Test(username, password)
tmp.append(username)
tmp.append(p1.login())
return tmp
def func(class_func):
tmp = {}
while 1:
for index, i in enumerate(class_func.dic, 1):
print(index, i)
tmp.setdefault(str(index), class_func.dic[i])
p2 = input("输入你选择的序号")
getattr(class_func, tmp[p2])()
'''用于文件创建'''
if os.path.exists('user.txt') == False:
with open('user.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
file.write('admin|123|admin')
if os.path.exists('teacher_class.txt') == False:
with open('teacher_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
file.write('{}')
if os.path.exists('choice_class.txt') == False:
with open('choice_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
file.write('{}')
if os.path.exists('Create_class.txt') == False:
with open('Create_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
file.write('[]')
if os.path.exists('class_all.txt') == False:
with open('class_all.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
pass
if os.path.exists('student_class.txt') == False:
with open('student_class.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as file:
file.write('{}')
login_status = log_status() # class_all.txt
while True:
if login_status[1] == 'student':
p1 = User(login_status[0])
func(p1)
elif login_status[1] == 'admin':
p1 = Admin(login_status[0])
func(p1)
elif login_status[1] == 'teacher':
p1 = Teacher(login_status[0])
func(p1)
else:
break
