Redis——从入门到放弃

redis简介

Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker. It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, hyperloglogs, geospatial indexes with radius queries and streams. Redis has built-in replication, Lua scripting, LRU eviction, transactions and different levels of on-disk persistence, and provides high availability via Redis Sentinel and automatic partitioning with Redis Cluster.

http://redisdoc.com/bitmap/index.html  #这是redis中文翻译文档的地址

Redis是一个开源(BSD许可),内存数据结构存储,用作数据库,缓存和消息代理。 它支持数据结构,如字符串,哈希表,列表,集合,带有范围查询的排序集,位图,超级日志,具有半径查询和流的地理空间索引。 Redis具有内置复制,Lua脚本,LRU驱逐,事务和不同级别的磁盘持久性,并通过Redis Sentinel提供高可用性并使用Redis Cluster自动分区。

简单来讲redis就是一种基于内存的nosql(也可以叫缓存数据库),支持事务,能够实现定时将数据写入磁盘(数据持久化),支持多种数据结构且能够备份。

由于redis是属于nosql,基于内存存储,实时变化的数据可以直接存储在redis中。它是内存磁盘同步数据库,可以将数据存储至磁盘,也可以从磁盘之中恢复数据,同时也支持订阅与发布和主从同步。

 

redis日常操作

首先下载源码包,编译安装,将redis-server redis-cli 拷贝到/usr/bin 或者添加到路径。

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.0.tar.gz

tar -xzvf redis-5.0.0.tar.gz

yum install gcc gcc-c++ 

make install 

cp src/redis-server /usr/bin

cp src/redis-client /usr/bin

如果使用yum安装可能只是3的版本,版本号较低。

redis 的默认端口号6379
将配置文件中:daemonize 改为yes 让redis 在后台运行。

启动redis:redis-server redis.conf

关闭redis:redis-cli shutdown

连接到数据库:redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379         # host可以更改,在配置文件中bind后面接上你要对外提供链接的地址——改为你网卡的真实地址,如192.168.27.128。

切换数据库:select 3  #redis的数据库是通过数字来记录的——1,2,3,4,5,6  非关系型数据库切换数据库select DB-name 关系型数据库use DB-name

 

redis操作语句

字符串的操作:string

添加:set  key  value

查看:get key

删除:del  key    #删除多个使用空格分隔

设置过期时间:set key value EX timeout

查看过期时间:ttl  key

查看redis的所有key:key  *

127.0.0.1:6379> set username jerry

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get username

"jerry"

127.0.0.1:6379> set school nanjiang ex 100

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get school

"nanjiang"

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl school

(integer) 86

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "name"

2) "jerry"

3) "age"

4) "name1"

5) "school"

6) "lan"

7) "username"

127.0.0.1:6379> del username

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "name"

2) "jerry"

3) "age"

4) "name1"

5) "lan"

127.0.0.1:6379> set uuu aaa

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get uuu

"aaa"

127.0.0.1:6379> set uuu iii

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get uuu

"iii"

 列表的操作:list

在列表左边添加元素:lpush key value

在列表右边添加元素:rpush key value

查看列表中的所有元素:lrange key start stop  #列表有下标位从0开始

移除并且返回列表key的头元素:lpop key

移除并且返回列表key的尾元素:rpop key

返回指定的第几个元素:lindex  key index

查看列表的长度:llen key

删除列表指定内容:lrem key values

删除整个list:del key

127.0.0.1:6379> lpush lan java perl php python

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379>

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lan 0 -1

1) "python"

2) "php"

3) "perl"

4) "java"

5) "java"

6) "python"

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush lan ttt aaa

(integer) 8

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lan 0 -1

1) "python"

2) "php"

3) "perl"

4) "java"

5) "java"

6) "python"

7) "ttt"

8) "aaa"

127.0.0.1:6379> lpop lan

"python"

127.0.0.1:6379> rpop lan

"aaa"

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lan 0 -1

1) "php"

2) "perl"

3) "java"

4) "java"

5) "python"

6) "ttt"

127.0.0.1:6379> lindex lan 1

"perl"

127.0.0.1:6379> lindex lan 0

"php"

127.0.0.1:6379> lindex lan 2

"java"

127.0.0.1:6379> llen lan

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> lrem lan 2 java

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange lan 0 -1

1) "php"

2) "perl"

3) "python"

4) "ttt"

127.0.0.1:6379> del lan

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "name"

2) "jerry"

3) "age"

4) "name1"

集合的操作:set

set的特点:自动去重

集合的交集,并集,差集:

sinter key1 key2 (交集)     sunion key1 key2 (并集)       sdiff key1 key2   (key1-key2)      sdiff key2 key1

添加元素到set : sadd key  values

查看集合的元素:smembers key

集合的长度:scard key

删除集合的具体内容:srem key values

删除整个集合: del key

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd age 67

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers age

1) "12"

2) "13"

3) "14"

4) "15"

5) "21"

6) "67"

127.0.0.1:6379> srem age 12 13 14 15

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers age

1) "21"

2) "67"

127.0.0.1:6379> scard age

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> del age

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "name"

2) "jerry"

3) "name1"

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd age1 22 33 44 55

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd age2 33 44 66 77

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> sinter age1 age2

1) "33"

2) "44"

127.0.0.1:6379> sunion age1 age2

1) "22"

2) "33"

3) "44"

4) "55"

5) "66"

6) "77"

127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff age1 age2

1) "22"

2) "55"

127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff age2 age1

1) "66"

2) "77"

哈希表的操作:hash

添加哈希值:hset key filed value

删除哈希值:hdel key filed

查看字段的值:hget key filed

查看所有的字段和值:hgetall key

查看所有字段:hkeys key

查看所有的值:hvals key

查看字段是否存在:hexists key filed

获得哈希总键值对个数:hlen key

127.0.0.1:6379> hset jerry gender male

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hget jerry gender

"male"

127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall jerry

1) "high"

2) "170"

3) "age"

4) "22"

5) "weight"

6) "100"

7) "gender"

8) "male"

127.0.0.1:6379> hdel jerry age high weight

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall jerry

1) "gender"

2) "male"

127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys jerry

1) "gender"

127.0.0.1:6379> hvals jerry

1) "male"

127.0.0.1:6379> hexists jerry gender

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hexists jerry age

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> hexists jerry high

(integer) 0

 

127.0.0.1:6379> hlen jerry

(integer) 1

 

redis——事务

隔离性和原子性
隔离:事务中的命令都会序列化,按顺序执行,不会被其他命令所干扰
原子性:事务中的命令要么全部被执行,要么全没有被执行。

开启一个事务:multi

提交一个事务: exec

回滚事务:discard

127.0.0.1:6379> multi

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

QUEUED

127.0.0.1:6379> exec

1) 1) "age1"

   2) "name"

   3) "jerry"

   4) "name1"

   5) "age2"

127.0.0.1:6379> multi

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

QUEUED

127.0.0.1:6379> discard

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> discard

(error) ERR DISCARD without MULTI

redis——发布与订阅

发布:
publish channel message
订阅:
subscribe channel

终端一:

127.0.0.1:6379> publish ch1 hello

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> publish ch1 hello

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> publish ch2 hello

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> publish ch2 hello

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> publish ch1 hello

(integer) 1

终端二:

127.0.0.1:6379> subscribe ch1 ch2

Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)

1) "subscribe"

2) "ch1"

3) (integer) 1

1) "subscribe"

2) "ch2"

3) (integer) 2

1) "message"

2) "ch2"

3) "hello"

1) "message"

2) "ch1"

3) "hello"

 

posted @ 2019-08-23 15:21  假如菜鸟不是鸟  阅读(213)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报