python: Drawing Canvas

 

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# encoding: utf-8 # 版权所有 2023 涂聚文有限公司 # 许可信息查看： # 描述： # Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文. # IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 311 # Datetime  : 2023/9/21 21:28 # User      : geovindu # Product   : PyCharm # Project   : EssentialAlgorithms # File      : DrawingTwo.py # explain   : 学习   import tkinter as tk import tkinter.font as tk_font import math   class DrawingCanvasTwo(object):     """     A canvas drawing manager.       """     def __init__(self, canvas, wxmin, wymin, wxmax, wymax, dmargin, y_is_flipped):         """           :param canvas:         :param wxmin:         :param wymin:         :param wxmax:         :param wymax:         :param dmargin:         :param y_is_flipped:         """         self.canvas = canvas         self.wxmin = wxmin         self.wymin = wymin         self.wxmax = wxmax         self.wymax = wymax         self.dmargin = dmargin         self.y_is_flipped = y_is_flipped           self.set_scales()       def set_scales(self):         """         Calculate scale parameters for the canvas's current size.         :return:         """         self.canvas.update()         self.dxmin = self.dmargin         self.dymin = self.dmargin         self.dxmax = self.canvas.winfo_width() - self.dmargin - 1         self.dymax = self.canvas.winfo_height() - self.dmargin - 1           # Flip the Y coordinates to invert the result.         if self.y_is_flipped:             self.dymin, self.dymax = self.dymax, self.dymin           self.xscale = (self.dxmax - self.dxmin) / (self.wxmax - self.wxmin)         self.yscale = (self.dymax - self.dymin) / (self.wymax - self.wymin)           # Calculate 1 pixel in world coordinates.         self.xpix = 1 / self.xscale         self.ypix = 1 / self.yscale       def w_to_d(self, wx, wy):         """         Map a point from world to device coordinates.         :param wx:         :param wy:         :return:         """         dx = (wx - self.wxmin) * self.xscale + self.dxmin         dy = (wy - self.wymin) * self.yscale + self.dymin         return dx, dy       def clear(self):         """           :return:         """           self.canvas.delete(tk.ALL)       def wdraw_line(self, wx0, wy0, wx1, wy1, color, arrow):         """         Draw a line in world coordinates.         :param wx0:         :param wy0:         :param wx1:         :param wy1:         :param color:         :param arrow:         :return:         """         dx0, dy0 = self.w_to_d(wx0, wy0)         dx1, dy1 = self.w_to_d(wx1, wy1)         self.canvas.create_line(dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1, fill=color, arrow=arrow)       def wdraw_axes(self, xtic_spacing, ytic_spacing, tic_hgt, tic_wid, do_draw_text, color):         """         Draw coordinate axes.         :param xtic_spacing:         :param ytic_spacing:         :param tic_hgt:         :param tic_wid:         :param do_draw_text:         :param color:         :return:         """         self.wdraw_line(self.wxmin, 0, self.wxmax, 0, color, arrow=tk.BOTH)         self.wdraw_line(0, self.wymin, 0, self.wymax, color, arrow=tk.BOTH)           startx = xtic_spacing * int((self.wxmin + xtic_spacing) / xtic_spacing)         x = startx         while x < self.wxmax:             if (abs(x) > 0.01):                 dx0, dy0 = self.w_to_d(x, tic_hgt)                 dx1, dy1 = self.w_to_d(x, -tic_hgt)                 self.canvas.create_line(dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1, fill=color)                 if do_draw_text:                     self.canvas.create_text(dx1, dy1, text=str(x), fill=color, anchor=tk.N)             x += xtic_spacing           starty = ytic_spacing * int((self.wymin + ytic_spacing) / ytic_spacing)         y = starty         while y < self.wymax:             if (abs(y) > 0.01):                 dx0, dy0 = self.w_to_d(tic_wid, y)                 dx1, dy1 = self.w_to_d(-tic_wid, y)                 self.canvas.create_line(dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1, fill=color)                 if do_draw_text:                     self.canvas.create_text(dx1, dy1, text=str(y), fill=color, anchor=tk.E)             y += ytic_spacing       def wdraw_polyline(self, wcoords, color):         """         Draw a connected series of points in world coordinates.         :param wcoords:         :param color:         :return:         """           dpoints = []         for i in range(0, len(wcoords), 2):             dpoints += self.w_to_d(wcoords[i], wcoords[i+1])         self.canvas.create_line(dpoints, fill=color)       def wdraw_rotated_text(self, wx, wy, text, angle, color, font):         """         Draw a rotated text at the indicated position in world coordinates.         :param wx:         :param wy:         :param text:         :param angle:         :param color:         :param font:         :return:         """         dx, dy = self.w_to_d(wx, wy)         self.canvas.create_text(dx, dy, text=text, angle=angle, fill=color, font=font)       def wdraw_function(self, func, color, wxmin, wxmax, step_x):         """         Draw a function.         :param func:         :param color:         :param wxmin:         :param wxmax:         :param step_x:         :return:         """         points = []         x = wxmin         while x <= wxmax:             points.append(x)             points.append(func(x))             x += step_x         self.wdraw_polyline(points, color)     def log_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return math.log(x, 2) def sqrt_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return 1.5 * math.sqrt(x) def identity_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return x def x2(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return x * x / 5 def two_to_the_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return math.pow(2, x) / 10 def factorial_n(n):     """       :param n:     :return:     """     result = 1     for i in range(2, n + 1):         result *= i     return result / 100 def fibonacci_n(n):     """       :param n:     :return:     """     if n == 0:         return 0     fib_minus2 = 0     fib_minus1 = 1     fib = 1     for i in range(2, n + 1):         fib = fib_minus1 + fib_minus2         fib_minus2 = fib_minus1         fib_minus1 = fib     return fib / 10

　　

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# encoding: utf-8 # 版权所有 2023 涂聚文有限公司 # 许可信息查看： # 描述： # Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文. # IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 311 # Datetime  : 2023/9/21 21:29 # User      : geovindu # Product   : PyCharm # Project   : EssentialAlgorithms # File      : Chapter03.py # explain   : 学习   import tkinter as tk import tkinter.font as tk_font import math import ChapterOne.DrawingTwo   class Ch03App(object):     """       """     def __init__(self):         """           """         self.window = tk.Tk()         self.window.title("runtime_functions")         self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.kill_callback)         self.window.geometry("570x570")           # Make a slightly bigger label font.         self.label_font = tk_font.Font(family="Times New Roman", size=14)           # Canvas.         self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.window, width=550, height=550,             relief=tk.RIDGE, bd=5, highlightthickness=0, bg="white")         self.canvas.xview("moveto", 5)   # Move out from the border.         self.canvas.yview("moveto", 5)         self.canvas.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, pady=5)           # Make the DrawingCanvas.         self.drawing_canvas = ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.DrawingCanvasTwo(self.canvas, -1, -1, 21, 21, 20, True)           # Draw the scene.         self.draw_scene()           # Force focus so Alt+F4 closes this window and not the Python shell.         self.window.focus_force()         self.window.mainloop()       def kill_callback(self):         """           :return:         """           self.window.destroy()       def draw_scene(self):         """         Draw the scene."         :return:         """         self.drawing_canvas.clear()           # Draw the curves.         wxmin = self.drawing_canvas.wxmin         wxmax = self.drawing_canvas.wxmax         xpix = self.drawing_canvas.xpix         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.log_x, "blue", 0.5, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.sqrt_x, "green", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.identity_x, "black", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.x2, "orange", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.two_to_the_x, "magenta", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.fibonacci_n, "blue", 0, 20, 1)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.factorial_n, "red", 0, 10, 1)           self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(15, 4.5, "y = Log(x)", 6, "blue", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(15, 6.5, "y = 1.5 * Sqrt(x)", 11, "green", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(13, 14, "y = x", 45, "black", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(8.75, 17, "y = x^2 / 5", 75, "orange", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(7, 17.5, "y = 2x / 10", 85, "magenta", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(5.5, 18, "y = x! / 100", 88, "red", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(11.5, 16, "y = Fibonacci(x) / 10", 83, "blue", self.label_font)           # Draw the axes.         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_axes(5, 5, 0.2, 0.2, True, "gray")

　　

调用：

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1	BLL.ChapterIExample.ChapExample.CharIII()

　　

输出：