python and CSharp: Essential Algorithms

 python:

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# encoding: utf-8 # 版权所有 2023 涂聚文有限公司 # 许可信息查看： # 描述： # Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文. # IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 311 # Datetime  : 2023/9/21 21:28 # User      : geovindu # Product   : PyCharm # Project   : EssentialAlgorithms # File      : DrawingTwo.py # explain   : 学习   import tkinter as tk import tkinter.font as tk_font import math   class DrawingCanvasTwo(object):     """     A canvas drawing manager.       """     def __init__(self, canvas, wxmin, wymin, wxmax, wymax, dmargin, y_is_flipped):         """           :param canvas:         :param wxmin:         :param wymin:         :param wxmax:         :param wymax:         :param dmargin:         :param y_is_flipped:         """         self.canvas = canvas         self.wxmin = wxmin         self.wymin = wymin         self.wxmax = wxmax         self.wymax = wymax         self.dmargin = dmargin         self.y_is_flipped = y_is_flipped           self.set_scales()       def set_scales(self):         """         Calculate scale parameters for the canvas's current size.         :return:         """         self.canvas.update()         self.dxmin = self.dmargin         self.dymin = self.dmargin         self.dxmax = self.canvas.winfo_width() - self.dmargin - 1         self.dymax = self.canvas.winfo_height() - self.dmargin - 1           # Flip the Y coordinates to invert the result.         if self.y_is_flipped:             self.dymin, self.dymax = self.dymax, self.dymin           self.xscale = (self.dxmax - self.dxmin) / (self.wxmax - self.wxmin)         self.yscale = (self.dymax - self.dymin) / (self.wymax - self.wymin)           # Calculate 1 pixel in world coordinates.         self.xpix = 1 / self.xscale         self.ypix = 1 / self.yscale       def w_to_d(self, wx, wy):         """         Map a point from world to device coordinates.         :param wx:         :param wy:         :return:         """         dx = (wx - self.wxmin) * self.xscale + self.dxmin         dy = (wy - self.wymin) * self.yscale + self.dymin         return dx, dy       def clear(self):         """           :return:         """           self.canvas.delete(tk.ALL)       def wdraw_line(self, wx0, wy0, wx1, wy1, color, arrow):         """         Draw a line in world coordinates.         :param wx0:         :param wy0:         :param wx1:         :param wy1:         :param color:         :param arrow:         :return:         """         dx0, dy0 = self.w_to_d(wx0, wy0)         dx1, dy1 = self.w_to_d(wx1, wy1)         self.canvas.create_line(dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1, fill=color, arrow=arrow)       def wdraw_axes(self, xtic_spacing, ytic_spacing, tic_hgt, tic_wid, do_draw_text, color):         """         Draw coordinate axes.         :param xtic_spacing:         :param ytic_spacing:         :param tic_hgt:         :param tic_wid:         :param do_draw_text:         :param color:         :return:         """         self.wdraw_line(self.wxmin, 0, self.wxmax, 0, color, arrow=tk.BOTH)         self.wdraw_line(0, self.wymin, 0, self.wymax, color, arrow=tk.BOTH)           startx = xtic_spacing * int((self.wxmin + xtic_spacing) / xtic_spacing)         x = startx         while x < self.wxmax:             if (abs(x) > 0.01):                 dx0, dy0 = self.w_to_d(x, tic_hgt)                 dx1, dy1 = self.w_to_d(x, -tic_hgt)                 self.canvas.create_line(dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1, fill=color)                 if do_draw_text:                     self.canvas.create_text(dx1, dy1, text=str(x), fill=color, anchor=tk.N)             x += xtic_spacing           starty = ytic_spacing * int((self.wymin + ytic_spacing) / ytic_spacing)         y = starty         while y < self.wymax:             if (abs(y) > 0.01):                 dx0, dy0 = self.w_to_d(tic_wid, y)                 dx1, dy1 = self.w_to_d(-tic_wid, y)                 self.canvas.create_line(dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1, fill=color)                 if do_draw_text:                     self.canvas.create_text(dx1, dy1, text=str(y), fill=color, anchor=tk.E)             y += ytic_spacing       def wdraw_polyline(self, wcoords, color):         """         Draw a connected series of points in world coordinates.         :param wcoords:         :param color:         :return:         """           dpoints = []         for i in range(0, len(wcoords), 2):             dpoints += self.w_to_d(wcoords[i], wcoords[i+1])         self.canvas.create_line(dpoints, fill=color)       def wdraw_rotated_text(self, wx, wy, text, angle, color, font):         """         Draw a rotated text at the indicated position in world coordinates.         :param wx:         :param wy:         :param text:         :param angle:         :param color:         :param font:         :return:         """         dx, dy = self.w_to_d(wx, wy)         self.canvas.create_text(dx, dy, text=text, angle=angle, fill=color, font=font)       def wdraw_function(self, func, color, wxmin, wxmax, step_x):         """         Draw a function.         :param func:         :param color:         :param wxmin:         :param wxmax:         :param step_x:         :return:         """         points = []         x = wxmin         while x <= wxmax:             points.append(x)             points.append(func(x))             x += step_x         self.wdraw_polyline(points, color)     def log_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return math.log(x, 2) def sqrt_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return 1.5 * math.sqrt(x) def identity_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return x def x2(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return x * x / 5 def two_to_the_x(x):     """       :param x:     :return:     """     return math.pow(2, x) / 10 def factorial_n(n):     """       :param n:     :return:     """     result = 1     for i in range(2, n + 1):         result *= i     return result / 100 def fibonacci_n(n):     """       :param n:     :return:     """     if n == 0:         return 0     fib_minus2 = 0     fib_minus1 = 1     fib = 1     for i in range(2, n + 1):         fib = fib_minus1 + fib_minus2         fib_minus2 = fib_minus1         fib_minus1 = fib     return fib / 10

　　

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# encoding: utf-8 # 版权所有 2023 涂聚文有限公司 # 许可信息查看： # 描述： # Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文. # IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 311 # Datetime  : 2023/9/21 21:29 # User      : geovindu # Product   : PyCharm # Project   : EssentialAlgorithms # File      : Chapter03.py # explain   : 学习   import tkinter as tk import tkinter.font as tk_font import math import ChapterOne.DrawingTwo   class Ch03App(object):     """       """     def __init__(self):         """           """         self.window = tk.Tk()         self.window.title("runtime_functions")         self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.kill_callback)         self.window.geometry("570x570")           # Make a slightly bigger label font.         self.label_font = tk_font.Font(family="Times New Roman", size=14)           # Canvas.         self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.window, width=550, height=550,             relief=tk.RIDGE, bd=5, highlightthickness=0, bg="white")         self.canvas.xview("moveto", 5)   # Move out from the border.         self.canvas.yview("moveto", 5)         self.canvas.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, pady=5)           # Make the DrawingCanvas.         self.drawing_canvas = ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.DrawingCanvasTwo(self.canvas, -1, -1, 21, 21, 20, True)           # Draw the scene.         self.draw_scene()           # Force focus so Alt+F4 closes this window and not the Python shell.         self.window.focus_force()         self.window.mainloop()       def kill_callback(self):         """           :return:         """           self.window.destroy()       def draw_scene(self):         """         Draw the scene."         :return:         """         self.drawing_canvas.clear()           # Draw the curves.         wxmin = self.drawing_canvas.wxmin         wxmax = self.drawing_canvas.wxmax         xpix = self.drawing_canvas.xpix         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.log_x, "blue", 0.5, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.sqrt_x, "green", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.identity_x, "black", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.x2, "orange", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.two_to_the_x, "magenta", 0, wxmax, xpix)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.fibonacci_n, "blue", 0, 20, 1)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_function(ChapterOne.DrawingTwo.factorial_n, "red", 0, 10, 1)           self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(15, 4.5, "y = Log(x)", 6, "blue", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(15, 6.5, "y = 1.5 * Sqrt(x)", 11, "green", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(13, 14, "y = x", 45, "black", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(8.75, 17, "y = x^2 / 5", 75, "orange", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(7, 17.5, "y = 2x / 10", 85, "magenta", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(5.5, 18, "y = x! / 100", 88, "red", self.label_font)         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_rotated_text(11.5, 16, "y = Fibonacci(x) / 10", 83, "blue", self.label_font)           # Draw the axes.         self.drawing_canvas.wdraw_axes(5, 5, 0.2, 0.2, True, "gray")

　　

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# encoding: utf-8 # 版权所有 2023 涂聚文有限公司 # 许可信息查看： # 描述：https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Essential+Algorithms%3A+A+Practical+Approach+to+Computer+Algorithms+Using+Python+and+C%23%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781119575993 # 算法基础：Python和C#语言实现（原书第2版） # Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文. # IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 311 # Datetime  : 2023/9/21 21:03 # User      : geovindu # Product   : PyCharm # Project   : EssentialAlgorithms # File      : main.py # explain   : 学习   import os import sys import ChapterOne.Chapter01     def print_hi(name):     # Use a breakpoint in the code line below to debug your script.     print(f'Hi, {name}')  # Press Ctrl+F8 to toggle the breakpoint.     # Press the green button in the gutter to run the script. if __name__ == '__main__':     print_hi('PyCharm，涂聚文 Geovin Du')       # 第一章     #app=ChapterOne.Chapter01.ch01App()     #app=ChapterOne.Chapter02.Ch02App()     app=ChapterOne.Chapter03.Ch03App()       # See PyCharm help at https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/

　　

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CSharp:

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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms;   using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;   namespace RuntimeFunctions {         /// <summary>     ///     /// </summary>     public partial class Form1 : Form     {           /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         public Form1()         {             InitializeComponent();         }         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         private bool drawFibonacci = true;         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="sender"></param>         /// <param name="e"></param>         private void graphPictureBox_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)         {             // Compare the two methods for calculating the Fibonacci function.             for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)             {                 Console.WriteLine(Fibonacci(i) + " = " + Fibonacci2(i));             }               const bool useColor = true;             DrawGraph(e.Graphics, -0.75f, 20.5f, -0.75f, 20.5f, 1, 1, useColor);         }         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="gr"></param>         /// <param name="xmin"></param>         /// <param name="xmax"></param>         /// <param name="ymin"></param>         /// <param name="ymax"></param>         /// <param name="ticDx"></param>         /// <param name="ticDy"></param>         /// <param name="useColor"></param>         private void DrawGraph(Graphics gr, float xmin, float xmax, float ymin, float ymax, int ticDx, int ticDy, bool useColor)         {             gr.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;               // Scale to fit.             RectangleF rect = new RectangleF(xmin, ymin, xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin);             PointF[] pts =             {                 new PointF(0, graphPictureBox.ClientSize.Height),                 new PointF(graphPictureBox.ClientSize.Width, graphPictureBox.ClientSize.Height),                 new PointF(0, 0),             };             Matrix transform = new Matrix(rect, pts);             gr.Transform = transform;               // Get a unit in X and Y directions.             pts = new PointF[] { new PointF(0, 0), new PointF(1, 1) };             Matrix inverse = transform.Clone();             inverse.Invert();             inverse.TransformPoints(pts);             float dx = pts[1].X - pts[0].X;             float dy = pts[1].Y - pts[0].Y;               using (Pen thinPen = new Pen(Color.Black, 0))             {                 // Draw axes.                 gr.DrawLine(thinPen, xmin, 0, xmax, 0);                 for (int x = 0; x <= xmax; x += ticDx)                 {                     gr.DrawLine(thinPen, x, -4 * dy, x, 4 * dy);                 }                   gr.DrawLine(thinPen, 0, ymin, 0, ymax);                 for (int y = 0; y <= ymax; y += ticDx)                 {                     gr.DrawLine(thinPen, -4 * dx, y, 4 * dx, y);                 }                   // Draw curves.                                List<PointF> points = new List<PointF>();                   // Log(X).                 points = new List<PointF>();                 for (float x = dx; x <= xmax; x += dx)                 {                     float y = (float)Math.Log(x, 2);                     if (float.IsInfinity(y) || float.IsNaN(y)) break;                     points.Add(new PointF(x, y));                 }                 if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Blue;                 gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                   // 1.5 * Sqrt(X).                 points = new List<PointF>();                 for (float x = 0; x <= xmax; x += dx)                 {                     float y = 1.5f * (float)Math.Sqrt(x);                     if (float.IsInfinity(y) || float.IsNaN(y)) break;                     points.Add(new PointF(x, y));                 }                 if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Green;                 gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                   // X.                 points = new List<PointF>();                 points.Add(new PointF(xmin, xmin));                 points.Add(new PointF(xmax, xmax));                 if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Black;                 gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                   // X * X / 5.                 points = new List<PointF>();                 for (float x = 0; x <= xmax; x += dx)                 {                     float y = x * x / 5;                     if (float.IsInfinity(y) || float.IsNaN(y)) break;                     points.Add(new PointF(x, y));                 }                 if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Orange;                 gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                   // 2^X / 10.                 points = new List<PointF>();                 for (float x = 0; x <= xmax; x += dx)                 {                     float y = (float)Math.Pow(2, x) / 10;                     if (float.IsInfinity(y) || float.IsNaN(y)) break;                     points.Add(new PointF(x, y));                     if (y > ymax) break;                 }                 if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Fuchsia;                 gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                   // X! / 100.                 points = new List<PointF>();                 for (int x = 0; x <= xmax; x++)                 {                     float y = (float)Factorial(x) / 100;                     if (float.IsInfinity(y) || float.IsNaN(y)) break;                     points.Add(new PointF(x, y));                     if (y > ymax) break;                 }                 if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Red;                 gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                   // Fibonacci(X) / 10.                 if (drawFibonacci)                 {                     points = new List<PointF>();                     for (int x = 0; x <= xmax; x++)                     {                         float y = (float)Fibonacci(x) / 10;                         if (float.IsInfinity(y) || float.IsNaN(y)) break;                         points.Add(new PointF(x, y));                         if (y > ymax) break;                     }                     if (useColor) thinPen.Color = Color.Blue;                     gr.DrawLines(thinPen, points.ToArray());                 }             }               // Label the axes.             gr.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAliasGridFit;             gr.ResetTransform();             using (Font font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSansSerif, 14, FontStyle.Regular))             {                 using (StringFormat sf = new StringFormat())                 {                     const int skip = 5;                       // X axis.                     sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;                     sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Near;                     for (int x = skip; x <= xmax; x += skip)                     {                         pts = new PointF[] { new PointF(x, 0) };                         transform.TransformPoints(pts);                         gr.DrawString(x.ToString(), font, Brushes.Black, pts[0], sf);                     }                       // Y axis.                     sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Far;                     sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;                     for (int y = skip; y <= xmax; y += skip)                     {                         pts = new PointF[] { new PointF(0, y) };                         transform.TransformPoints(pts);                         gr.DrawString(y.ToString(), font, Brushes.Black, pts[0], sf);                     }                 }             }               // Draw labels.             using (Font font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSansSerif, 16, FontStyle.Regular))             {                 DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Blue, "y = Log(x)", 414, 440, -8, useColor);                 DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Green, "y = 1.5 * Sqrt(x)", 410, 390, -11, useColor);                 DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Black, "y = x", 360, 200, -45, useColor);                 DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Orange, "y = x² / 5", 242, 140, -75, useColor);                 DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Fuchsia, "y = 2ˣ / 10", 200, 135, -85, useColor);                 DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Red, "y = x! / 100", 140, 125, -90, useColor);                   if (drawFibonacci)                     DrawRotatedText(gr, font, Brushes.Blue, "y = Fibonacci(x) / 10", 321, 230, -83, useColor);             }         }           // Return n!         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="n"></param>         /// <returns></returns>         private double Factorial(int n)         {             double total = 1;             for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) total *= n;             return total;         }           // Draw rotated text at the indicated position.         // Note: This method resets the Graphics object's transformation.         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="gr"></param>         /// <param name="font"></param>         /// <param name="brush"></param>         /// <param name="text"></param>         /// <param name="x"></param>         /// <param name="y"></param>         /// <param name="angle"></param>         /// <param name="useColor"></param>         private void DrawRotatedText(Graphics gr, Font font, Brush brush, string text, int x, int y, float angle, bool useColor)         {             gr.ResetTransform();             gr.RotateTransform(angle, MatrixOrder.Append);             gr.TranslateTransform(x, y, MatrixOrder.Append);             if (useColor) gr.DrawString(text, font, brush, 0, 0);             else gr.DrawString(text, font, Brushes.Black, 0, 0);         }           // Return the nth Fibonacci number.         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="n"></param>         /// <returns></returns>         private double Fibonacci(int n)         {             if (n == 0) return 0;             double fibMinus2 = 0;   // Fibonacci(0)             double fibMinus1 = 1;   // Fibonacci(1)             double fib = 1;             for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)             {                 fib = fibMinus1 + fibMinus2;                 fibMinus2 = fibMinus1;                 fibMinus1 = fib;             }             return fib;         }           // The French mathematician Abraham de Moivre discovered         // in 1718 that you can calculate the Nth like this:         //     Round(phi^N / Sqrt(5)) where phi = (1 + Sqrt(5)) / 2.         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="n"></param>         /// <returns></returns>         private double Fibonacci2(int n)         {             double phi = (1 + Math.Sqrt(5)) / 2;             return Math.Round(Math.Pow(phi, n) / Math.Sqrt(5.0));         }         /// <summary>         ///         /// </summary>         /// <param name="sender"></param>         /// <param name="e"></param>         private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)         {           }     } }