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REMEMBER: Descriptive procedures results in statistics, which describe sample data and are symbolized using the English alphabet. Inferential procedures are for estimating parameters, which describe a population of scores and are symbolized using the Greek alphabet. 阅读全文
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Descriptive Statistics**Because relationships are never perfectly consistent, 1)The purpose of descriptive statistics is to bring order to this chaos.2)organizing and summarizing sample data so that we can communicate and describe their important characteristics."Important characteristics" 阅读全文
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Identify the X,Y scores the independ and depend variablesScores on the Y variable chage as a function of changes in the X variablewe have involved "test scores as a function of study time""number of eye blinks as function of amount of chocolate consumed"REMEMBER The "givern& 阅读全文
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p16Envelop thingsIn a perfectly consistent relationship, each score on one variable is paired with only one score on the other variable.some degree of consistency ... tend to change in a consistent fashion.The degree of consistency in a relationship is called strength, and a less consistenct relatio 阅读全文
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A relationship is about a pattern in which, as the scores on one variable change, the corresponding scores on the other variable change in a consistent manner,In statistics, we use the term association when talking about relationships.REMEBER In a relationship, as the scores on one variable change, 阅读全文
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In our example research, we asked: Does studying statistics improve your learning of them? Now we must decide what we mean by "studying" and how to measure it.In research the factors we measure that influence behaviors--as well as the behaviors themselves--are called variables.A variables 阅读全文
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There books ofinstruction : are often dulland books ofinspiration : lack practical advicech01 define good writing, as sth 1st to be appreciated,then to be practiced.ch02 demonstrates how to establish voice and tone,ch03 the principles of structure and plot.ch04 formal and familiar styles,c... 阅读全文
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The population is the entire group of individuals--and scores--to which our conclusions apply, based on our observation of a sample,which is a subset of the population. 阅读全文
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Behavioral scientists study the "Laws of nature" regarding the behavior of living organism. all memeber of particular group. Although the single study is the very small step in this process, the goal is to understand every factor that influence behavior.e.gmating behavior of sea lions,soci 阅读全文