ch02 experimental and correlation inference

因果律，
the indedpendcy and the dependency

independency and the %%conditions%%

Understanding experiment and correlational studies

All research generally focuses on demonstrating a relationship.
1) what question you want to answer
2) choice depends on the specific research design being used
##how many samples there are,
##how the participants are tested
##the other specifics of how a researcher goes about demonstrating a relationship
broken into two ways:
**experiments
**correlational studies

**experiments
actively
changes or manipulates
one variable and then
measures
participants'scores on another variable to see if relationship is
produced

component of an experiment

--The independent variable
//the experiment is always in control of the independent variable, either by determining what is done to each sample or by determining a characteristic of the individuals in each sample.

//Conditions of the independent variable
A condition is a specific amount or category of the independent variable that creates the specific situation under which participants are examined.
A condition is also a level or a treatment

--The dependent variable
The dependent variable is used to measure a participant's behavior under each condition.

p24 give a throughly description of Experiment's Components

REMEMBER In an experiment, the reseracher manipulates the condition(category e.g the differnt eges) of the independent variable and, under each, mesures participants'behavior by measuring their scores on the dependent variable.

Drawing conclusion from Experiments
Purpose of the experiments is to produce a relationship in chich, as we change the conditions of the independent variable, participants'scores on the dependent variable tend to change in a consistent fashion.

**correlational studies
We simply measure participants'scores on two variables and then determine whether a relationship is present.

Unlike in an experimental design the researcher is a passive observer who looks to see if a relationship exists between the two variables.