Nginx+Tomcat构建动、静分离WEB架构
一、简介
二、环境介绍
三、后端服务器安装配置
四、安装论坛
五、安装配置前端Nginx服务器
六、验证服务
一、Tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5 支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。目前最新版本是8.0
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应对HTML 页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat 部分是Apache 服务器的扩展,但它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的
当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS、Apache等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为8.0.0-RC3 (alpha) Released
Tomcat 很受广大程序员的喜欢,因为它运行时占用的系统资源小,扩展性好,支持负载平衡与邮件服务等开发应用系统常用的功能;而且它还在不断的改进和完善中,任何一个感兴趣的程序员都可以更改它或在其中加入新的功能
Tomcat最初是由Sun的软件构架师詹姆斯·邓肯·戴维森开发的。后来他帮助将其变为开源项目,并由Sun贡献给Apache软件基金会。由于大部分开源项目O'Reilly都会出一本相关的书,并且将其封面设计成某个动物的素描,因此他希望将此项目以一个动物的名字命名。因为他希望这种动物能够自己照顾自己,最终,他将其命名为Tomcat(英语公猫或其他雄性猫科动物)。而O'Reilly出版的介绍Tomcat的书籍(ISBN 0-596-00318-8)[1]的封面也被设计成了一个公猫的形象。而Tomcat的Logo兼吉祥物也被设计成了一只公猫
二、环境介绍
系统版本: CentOS 6.4_x86_64
Nginx版本: nginx-1.4.2 点此下载
JDK版本: jdk-7u40-linux-x64 点此下载
Tomcat版本:apache-tomcat-7.0.42 点此下载
论坛版本: JspRun!_6.0.0_GBK 点此下载
环境介绍:
当用户访问时"www.allen.com"网站时,通过Nginx服务器代理,将请求的静态内容(如:.html|.jpg等)让web服务器来响应,而请求的动态内容都让java服务器来响应;这样就实现了动、静的分离
三、后端服务器的安装与配置
1、安装java服务器
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######1、安装JDK并设置环境变量 [root@java ~] # rpm -ihv jdk-7u40-linux-x64.rpm [root@java ~] # vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh export JAVA_HOME= /usr/java/latest export PATH=$JAVA_HOME /bin :$PATH [root@java ~] # . /etc/profile.d/java.sh ######验证JDK是否安装成功 [root@java ~] # java -version java version "1.7.0_40" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_40-b43) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.0-b56, mixed mode) ======================================================================== ######2、安装Tomcat [root@java ~] # tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@java ~] # cd /usr/local/ [root@java local ] # ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.42 tomcat [root@java local ] # vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh export CATALINA_HOME= /usr/local/tomcat export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME /bin :$PATH [root@java local ] # . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh ######验证Tomcat是否安装成功 [root@java local ] # catalina.sh version Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap .jar: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli .jar Server version: Apache Tomcat /7 .0.42 Server built: Jul 2 2013 08:57:41 Server number: 7.0.42.0 OS Name: Linux OS Version: 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 Architecture: amd64 JVM Version: 1.7.0_40-b43 JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@java ~] # catalina.sh start |
2、访问测试Java服务器
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######查看监听端口,Tomcat默认监听8080端口 [root@java ~] # ss -tanlp | grep 8080 LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users :(( "java" ,6163,40))
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![224059215.gif](http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201309/224059215.gif)
3、安装web服务器
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######安装nginx依赖环境 [root@web ~] # yum -y install pcre-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel [root@web ~] # useradd -r nginx [root@web ~] # tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz [root@web ~] # cd nginx-1.4.2 [root@web nginx-1.4.2] # ./configure \ --prefix= /usr/local/nginx \ --sbin-path= /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path= /etc/nginx/nginx .conf \ --error-log-path= /var/log/nginx/error .log \ --http-log-path= /var/log/nginx/access .log \ --pid-path= /var/run/nginx/nginx .pid \ --lock-path= /var/lock/nginx .lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcre [root@web nginx-1.4.2] # make && make install ====================================================================== ######为Nginx提供Sysv服务脚本 [root@web ~] # vim /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx= "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" prog=$( basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE= "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile= /var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() { # make required directories user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:' ` for opt in $options; do if [ ` echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path' ` ]; then value=` echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done } start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $ "Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval - eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $ "Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval - eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $ "Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status > /dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $ "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@web ~] # chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@web ~] # chkconfig --add nginx [root@web ~] # service nginx start [root@web ~] # chkconfig nginx on |
4、访问测试web服务器
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[root@web nginx-1.4.2] # ss -tanlp | grep 80 LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users :(( "nginx" ,30503,6),( "nginx" ,30504,6)) |
![233713612.gif](http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201309/233713612.gif)
5、安装Mysql服务器
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root@mysql ~] # yum -y install mysql-server root@mysql ~] # service mysqld start [root@mysql ~] # mysql mysql> create database bbs; mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser' @ '172.16.%.%' identified by 'bbspass' ; mysql> flush privileges; ######注释:创建一个数据库并授权用户,方便后面安装论坛使用到 |
6、测试授权用户是否能使用"172.16.0.0"网段的主机连接,远程主机请确定安装了mysql客户端
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[root@java ~] # mysql -ubbsuser -pbbspass -h 172.16.14.4 -e 'show databases'; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | bbs | | test | +--------------------+ ######可以远程查询到数据说明已连接成功 |
四、安装论坛
1、在java服务器上安装论坛程序
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######创建网站存放目录 [root@java ~] # mkdir /web [root@java ~] # unzip JspRun\!_6.0.0_GBK.zip [root@java ~] # mv upload /web/bbs ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ######修改Tomcat的默认访问端口8080为80 <Connector port= "80" protocol= "HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout= "20000" redirectPort= "8443" /> ######修改tomcat主配置文件添加虚拟主机 <Engine name= "Catalina" defaultHost= "www.allen.com" > <Host name= "www.allen.com" appBase= "/web/bbs" unpackWARs= "true" autoDeploy= "true" > <Valve className= "org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory= "logs" prefix= "bbs_access_log." suffix= ".txt" pattern= "%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> <Context path= "" docBase= "/web/bbs" /> < /Host > 注释:将 "<Host>" 标记的段添加到 "Engine" 中,而 "Engine" 中的默认主机改为定义的主机名称; name:主机名称 defaultHost:默认访问的主机名称 appBase:网站目录 unpackWARS:是否自动解压 "war" 格式的包 autoDeploy:是否自动部署应用程序 className:类名称 prefix:日志名称 suffix:日志后缀名 pattern:日志格式 "Context" 标记中path:虚拟目录名称,docBase:虚拟目录路径 ====================================================================== ######修改论坛配置文件,指定数据库主机,数据用户名密码及数据库名称 [root@java conf] # cd /web/bbs/ [root@java bbs] # vim config.properties dbhost = 172.16.14.4 dbport=3306 dbuser = bbsuser dbpw = bbspass dbname = bbs ====================================================================== ######启动Tomcat服务并查看端口 [root@java ~] # catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap .jar: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli .jar [root@java ~] # ss -tanlp | grep 80 LISTEN 0 100 :::80 :::* users :(( "java" ,7493,40)) LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* users :(( "java" ,7493,53)) LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* users :(( "java" ,7493,41)) |
2、安装论坛程序
3、点击下一步-->我同意-->下一步,进入数据库配置页面
4、点下一步-->(填写管理员密码)下一步-->进入创建数据表阶段-->然后点-->进入首页
5、将论坛程序拷贝到web服务器上面一份,因为WEB服务器要解析静态文件
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######创建网站存放目录 [root@web ~] # mkdir /web [root@web ~] # scp -r 172.16.14.3:/web/bbs /web/ ######修改Nginx主配置文件 [root@web ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' ; access_log logs /host .access.log main; location / { root /web/bbs ; index index.html index.htm; ######注释:开启访问日志功能;修改虚拟主机指定网站网站目录为"/web/bbs" ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ######创建一个静态测试页方便后面测试 [root@web ~] # echo '<h1>WEB:172.16.14.2</h1>' > /web/bbs/index.html [root@web ~] # mkdir /usr/local/nginx/logs #创建日志存放目录 [root@web ~] # service nginx restart |
五、安装配置Nginx前端服务器
1、安装方法与第三部分的nginx安装方法相同,这里就不再介绍如何安装
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[root@nginx ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx nginx; worker_processes 2; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; #error_log logs/error.log; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application /octet-stream ; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' ; access_log logs /access .log main; client_max_body_size 20m; client_header_buffer_size 16k; large_client_header_buffers 4 16k; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_proxied any; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_types text /plain application /x-javascript text /css application /xml ; gzip_vary on; proxy_temp_path /tmp/proxy_temp ; proxy_cache_path /tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g; proxy_connect_timeout 50; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 16 256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 1024m; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504; server { listen 80; server_name www.allen.com; access_log logs /host .access.log main; location / { proxy_pass http: //172 .16.14.3; } location ~* \.(|html|htm|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp|swf|ico)$ { proxy_pass http: //172 .16.14.2; } location ~* \.(jsp|css| do )$ { proxy_pass http: //172 .16.14.3; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x .html; location = /50x .html { root html; } } } ====================================================================== [root@nginx ~] # service nginx start |
2、修改Nginx主配置文件
六、验证服务
1、在客户端使用"www.allen.com"域名访问测试,注意:由于没有"DNS"服务器解析需要修改hosts文件来解析
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######添加如下内容解析 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 172.16.14.1 www.allen.com
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![112659945.gif](http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201309/112659945.gif)
![115153642.gif](http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201309/115153642.gif)
2、查看web服务器上nginx访问日志
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[root@web ~] # tail -5 /usr/local/nginx/logs/host.access.log 172.16.14.1 - - [23 /Sep/2013 :22:38:39 +0800] "GET /images/common/softkeyboard.gif HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "http://www.allen.com/include/css/keyboard.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-" 172.16.14.1 - - [23 /Sep/2013 :22:38:39 +0800] "GET /images/default/link.gif HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "http://www.allen.com/forumdata/cache/style_1.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-" 172.16.14.1 - - [23 /Sep/2013 :23:04:02 +0800] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-" 172.16.14.1 - - [23 /Sep/2013 :22:38:39 +0800] "GET /images/default/forumbox_head.gif HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "http://www.allen.com/forumdata/cache/style_1.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-" 172.16.14.1 - - [23 /Sep/2013 :23:04:01 +0800] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0" 200 25 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-" ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ######由上可见,访问"www.allen.com"域名时,所有静态内容都转发到web服务器上;如图片 |
3、查看java服务器上Tomcat访问日志
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[root@java ~] # tail -5 /usr/local/tomcat/logs/bbs_access_log.2013-09-14.txt 172.16.14.1 - - [14 /Sep/2013 :23:26:57 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1.css HTTP/1.0" 304 - 172.16.14.1 - - [14 /Sep/2013 :23:26:57 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1_append.css HTTP/1.0" 304 - 172.16.14.1 - - [14 /Sep/2013 :23:27:02 +0800] "GET /member.jsp?action=list HTTP/1.0" 200 6839 172.16.14.1 - - [14 /Sep/2013 :23:27:02 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1_append.css HTTP/1.0" 304 - 172.16.14.1 - - [14 /Sep/2013 :23:27:02 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1.css HTTP/1.0" 304 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ######由上可见,访问的动态内容都转发到Java服务器来解析;如jsp结尾的文件 |
到此,Nginx+Tomcat实现WEB网站的动、静分离已经完成;后面将会更新Apache+Tomcat如何实现Apache代理Tomcat及如何实现会话保存...
posted on 2014-01-22 12:05 gentleman_hai 阅读(454) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报