自己用C语言写RL78 serial bootloader
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之前用C实现过多款PIC单片机的bootloader, 包括8-bit的PIC16,PIC18;16-bit的PIC24, dsPIC30, dsPIC33; 和32-bit的PIC32MX,PIC32MZ,我为这些类型PIC都写过C bootloader。今天要介绍的serial bootloader 是为我的RL78单片机学习板而写。RL78是Renesas的16-bit单片机。这是我第一次为Renesas的单片机写C 语言bootloader,遇到不少问题,通过不懈努力,总算成功的完成了我的第一个Renesas RL78 serial bootloader。我将这个RL78 serial bootloader命名为hyperboot_rl78, 因为hyperboot_rl78用到的上位机是hyperterm (超级终端)。写这篇博文的目的是来总结这次hyperboot_rl78的实现过程,总结内容包括bootloader的设计, bootloader的逻辑,bootloader的使用,实现环境,实现过程中遇到的问题,以及如何解决的。以上都会一一在这篇博文中介绍到。
首先介绍实现环境,IDE是CS+, C编译器是CC-RL, 硬件板是我的学习板, 详细如下:
IDE : CS+ for CC V7.00.00 [13 Jun 2018]
Compiler: CC-RL V1.07.00
MCU: RL78 F14 R5F10PPJ
Hardware: QB-R5F10PPJ-TB(e)
我的bootloader和application的memory map设计如下:
bootloader code range: 0x0000~0x33FF
application code range: 0x3400~0x3FFFF
application reset vector remap:0x4000
interrupt vector remap: 0x4006~0x40CA
bootloader 不使用interrupt,interrupt vector 区间0x4~0x7C remap到application的code区间0x4006~0x40CA。
bootloader code range设置, bootloader interrupt remap 都需要通过修改CS+ bootloader工程的Linker Option来实现。具体可以查阅CS+的帮助。
application code range设置, application reset vector remap 也需要修改CS+ application工程的Linker Option来实现。
另外,interrupt vector remap 到application code区间0x4006~0x40CA, application使用中断的话,需要在代码中建Juamp Table, 并将interrupt service routine的地址映射到Jump Table中。 我的做法是在application CS+ 工程的Linker Option中新增 .app_vector section, .app_vector section的地址范围0x4000~0x40CA(包括reset vector 和 interrupt vector).
Jump Table指定到.app_vetor section, 在Jump Table 添加跳转指令和_start 地址(cstartup for reset vector)或interrupt service routine的地址(for interrupt vector)到相对应的位置中。Jump Table我是用CC-RL的汇编指令实现的,为此我查阅了RL78的Software Manual。Jump Table 中的汇编代码例子如下:
.DB _BR_ ;BR .DB2 _r_uart0_interrupt_send ;0x16, Interrupt Service Routine
上面的bootloader 和application的Linker Option设置及Jump Table的实现费时最长,主要是对CS+项目的设置不熟, 对CC-RL的使用也不熟,查帮助,一步一步试错尝试,当所有的设置都OK了,Jump Table也实现了,我才长舒一口气,感觉本bootloader的实现即将完成。
虽然一切bootloader 和 application的设置都OK了,也感觉bootloader的实现即将完成。但实际上并没有那么顺利,原因是bootloader 需要用到FSL, FSL是操作flash的library. 需要添加FSL的头文件和library到bootloader的代码工程中。仔细的查阅了FSL 的介绍文档(r01us0050ej0103_rl78.pdf),发现FSL需要我们根据需求配置FCD, RCD, BCD等section 到bootloader的ROM 空间或RAM空间。 由于我只使用到FSL的基本功能,并且采用status check internal mode. 所以我将FCD,RCD, BCD配置到bootloader 的ROM 空间, 当然也是通过修改bootloader的Linker Option来完成这项配置。
bootloader 的配置完善了,接着就是bootloader功能和逻辑的实现了。 bootloader 的上位机是串口终端hyperterm(超级终端)。 hyperterm的配置(串口配置)如下:
baud rate: 19200
data bytes: 8
parity: none
stop bits: 1
flow control : none
line delay: 150ms
上电后, bootloader 初始化uart (baudrate-data bytes-parity-stop bits-flow control 要和hyperterm的配置一致,19200-8-none-1-none, 否则通信不了)。bootloader 然后每隔1S左右打印一个 '.' , 打印完6个'.' (6S)就跳转到application. 如果要更新程序,就在6S内在hyperterm 窗口中敲一回车。bootloader 收到回车(代表握手成功)就开始擦除application code range. 打印 “Erasing *********" 每擦除一个block (1024 bytes) 就增加打印一个 ”*“直到所有application blocks都擦除完毕,并打印”Done“(代表擦除成功)。
hyperterm 窗口显示了bootloader 完成Erase后打印的”Done“,就操作hyperterm采用发送文本的方式发送application 的hex文件,一行接一行的发送,每发送一行就暂停150ms (配置hyperterm参数line delay = 150ms).
bootloader 每接收一行,原样打印,并解读里面的数据类型,地址,长度,数据,和Checksum, 如果数据类型为S1或S2,就将接收到的数据烧写到对应的地址。直到最后一行也处理完毕。整个烧写过程都没问题就打印”Program Rewritten Complete“ “(代表更新成功)。并跳转到application。 如果烧写过程有问题就打印”Program Rewritten Complete with Error“。
以上就是bootloader的更新程序的整个逻辑。代码框架如下:
void M_Bootloader_MainFunc(void) { switch (bootState) { case BOOT_HANDSHAKE: M_Bootloader_Handshake(); break; case BOOT_ERASE: M_Bootloader_Erase(); break; case BOOT_RECEIVE: M_Bootloader_Receive(); break; case BOOT_PROGRAM: M_Bootloader_Write(); break; case BOOT_VERIFY: M_Bootloader_IVerify(); break; case BOOT_PREJUMP: Prejump_To_Application(); break; case BOOT_JUMPTO_APP: Jump_To_Application(); break; default: break; } }
整个过程, hyperterm中打印出来的内容就是更新流程log. 下面是一个完整的更新流程的log.
....BOOT Mode Erasing************************************************************************* ***********************************************Done S00E0000726C3738463134706D6F7439 S1130000D040FFFF064009400C400F40124015400D S113001018401B401E402140244027402A402D40C8 S113002030403340364039403C403F4042404540F8 S113003048404B404E405140544057405A405D4028 S113004060406340664069407C407F408240854018 S113005088408B408E409140944097409A409D4008 S1130060A040A340A640A940AC40AF40B240B54038 S1130070B840BB40BE40C140C440C740CA400 S10700C077FFE0855D S10D00C4000000000000000000002E S10D00CEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF2E S113340048656C6C6F20776F726C640D0A000D0A4E S109341064000D0A6C00CB S1134000EDD040ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42EDD6 S11340104C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4CE9 S113402042EDA841ED2341ED4C42ED4C42EDC64139 S1134030ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED28 S11340404C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4CB9 S113405042ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42B3 S1134060ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42ED4C42EDF8 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S11341F0B4BF1EB413BF1CB4AF18B4DB1AB436007A S113420000340A00CEFB0B001705DF0661C8FC1B57 S11342104500AF1CB4DB1EB436000034F401CEFB01 S11342200B001705DF0561C87A0640AF22B4AF2042 S1134230B460310308E73024B4FCD34400715BE17B S1134240C09EFC609EFDC6C4C2C061FC00EFFD615F S1044250FC6D S113425116C80300AEF82761D339315E12F643DD87 S113426127BBBC02BC04BC06BC08BC0ABC0CBC0E0B S1134271BC10BC12BC14BC16BC18BC1ABC1CBC1EA1 S11342813704200037B3EFD6AEF847DD06F6BBA7F7 S1134291A7EFF5D7FE0200EFFE2004FC8F4400FCDB S11342A1464500717AFA5A06BFF6B802B800A80268 S11342B1440000A80061F8446400DE1300A802145D S11342C1A800040100121561D8A1B80213EFDD3270 S11342D10E00300034FCEB44001004D7 S11342E104CA0000CA0100CA0200CA0300CA0400C9 S11342F1CA0500CA0600CA0700CA0800FC504300E8 S1134301FC7B4300FC0A4400FC114400FC144500FE S1134311FC1F450034780015CA000004180016F685 S11343217182B802B800A802440000A80061F844F0 S11343310A00DE1300A80214A8000401001215618A S1134341D8A1B80213EFDD1004D7717BFAEF8D36D3 S1134351C40234C402718215A116CEA000717AA1DF 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S21403FF40FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFB9 S21403FF50FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFA9 S21403FF60FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF99 S21403FF70FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF89 S21403FF80FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF79 S21403FF90FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF69 S21403FFA0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF59 S21403FFB0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF49 S21403FFC0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF39 S21403FFD0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF29 S21403FFE0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF19 S21403FFF0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF09 S9030000FC Program Rewritten Complete Hello world l d
hyperboot_rl78 有以下两个缺点:
1。效率低, 每行delay 150ms
2。和上位机hyperterm(超级终端)之间交互没有通信协定。
接下来计划完成一个全新RL78 bootloader,一个上位机,之间通信采用自定义协议, 或Xmodem协议,开发平台为CS+ 或 IAR。