前端开发npm start的引导过程

以react初始化项目为例：

git clone git@github.com:geektcp/react-init.git

 

package.json的内容如下：

{
  "name": "react-init",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.5",
    "@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
    "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "react-scripts": "5.0.1",
    "web-vitals": "^2.1.4"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",
    "build": "react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": [
      "react-app",
      "react-app/jest"
    ]
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",
      "not dead",
      "not op_mini all"
    ],
    "development": [
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  }
}

npm start其实是一个系统级别的命令，开发人员需要安装npm 并配置好环境变量。

这个命令可以理解为一个shell脚本，进入当前目录的package.json中找到start对应的脚本并执行。把package.json中start对应脚本换成任意脚本或者命令都可以直接执行。

这里是对应的脚本是：

react-scripts start

react-scripts其实是项目目录下一个文件，具体路径是：./node_modules/react-scripts，内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env node
/**
 * Copyright (c) 2015-present, Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */

'use strict';

// Makes the script crash on unhandled rejections instead of silently
// ignoring them. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will
// terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
process.on('unhandledRejection', err => {
  throw err;
});

const spawn = require('react-dev-utils/crossSpawn');
const args = process.argv.slice(2);

const scriptIndex = args.findIndex(
  x => x === 'build' || x === 'eject' || x === 'start' || x === 'test'
);
const script = scriptIndex === -1 ? args[0] : args[scriptIndex];
const nodeArgs = scriptIndex > 0 ? args.slice(0, scriptIndex) : [];

if (['build', 'eject', 'start', 'test'].includes(script)) {
  const result = spawn.sync(
    process.execPath,
    nodeArgs
      .concat(require.resolve('../scripts/' + script))
      .concat(args.slice(scriptIndex + 1)),
    { stdio: 'inherit' }
  );
  if (result.signal) {
    if (result.signal === 'SIGKILL') {
      console.log(
        'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
          'This probably means the system ran out of memory or someone called ' +
          '`kill -9` on the process.'
      );
    } else if (result.signal === 'SIGTERM') {
      console.log(
        'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
          'Someone might have called `kill` or `killall`, or the system could ' +
          'be shutting down.'
      );
    }
    process.exit(1);
  }
  process.exit(result.status);
} else {
  console.log('Unknown script "' + script + '".');
  console.log('Perhaps you need to update react-scripts?');
  console.log(
    'See: https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/updating-to-new-releases'
  );
}

如上，见标注红色字体的部分，关键是spawn.sync这句,，其实就是执行一个js文件，
其路径为：./node_modules/react-scripts/scripts/start.js，内容如下：

// @remove-on-eject-begin
/**
 * Copyright (c) 2015-present, Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */
// @remove-on-eject-end
'use strict';

// Do this as the first thing so that any code reading it knows the right env.
process.env.BABEL_ENV = 'development';
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';

// Makes the script crash on unhandled rejections instead of silently
// ignoring them. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will
// terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
process.on('unhandledRejection', err => {
  throw err;
});

// Ensure environment variables are read.
require('../config/env');

const fs = require('fs');
const chalk = require('react-dev-utils/chalk');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server');
const clearConsole = require('react-dev-utils/clearConsole');
const checkRequiredFiles = require('react-dev-utils/checkRequiredFiles');
const {
  choosePort,
  createCompiler,
  prepareProxy,
  prepareUrls,
} = require('react-dev-utils/WebpackDevServerUtils');
const openBrowser = require('react-dev-utils/openBrowser');
const semver = require('semver');
const paths = require('../config/paths');
const configFactory = require('../config/webpack.config');
const createDevServerConfig = require('../config/webpackDevServer.config');
const getClientEnvironment = require('../config/env');
const react = require(require.resolve('react', { paths: [paths.appPath] }));

const env = getClientEnvironment(paths.publicUrlOrPath.slice(0, -1));
const useYarn = fs.existsSync(paths.yarnLockFile);
const isInteractive = process.stdout.isTTY;

// Warn and crash if required files are missing
if (!checkRequiredFiles([paths.appHtml, paths.appIndexJs])) {
  process.exit(1);
}

// Tools like Cloud9 rely on this.
const DEFAULT_PORT = parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 3000;
const HOST = process.env.HOST || '0.0.0.0';

if (process.env.HOST) {
  console.log(
    chalk.cyan(
      `Attempting to bind to HOST environment variable: ${chalk.yellow(
        chalk.bold(process.env.HOST)
      )}`
    )
  );
  console.log(
    `If this was unintentional, check that you haven't mistakenly set it in your shell.`
  );
  console.log(
    `Learn more here: ${chalk.yellow('https://cra.link/advanced-config')}`
  );
  console.log();
}

// We require that you explicitly set browsers and do not fall back to
// browserslist defaults.
const { checkBrowsers } = require('react-dev-utils/browsersHelper');
checkBrowsers(paths.appPath, isInteractive)
  .then(() => {
    // We attempt to use the default port but if it is busy, we offer the user to
    // run on a different port. `choosePort()` Promise resolves to the next free port.
    return choosePort(HOST, DEFAULT_PORT);
  })
  .then(port => {
    if (port == null) {
      // We have not found a port.
      return;
    }

    const config = configFactory('development');
    const protocol = process.env.HTTPS === 'true' ? 'https' : 'http';
    const appName = require(paths.appPackageJson).name;

    const useTypeScript = fs.existsSync(paths.appTsConfig);
    const urls = prepareUrls(
      protocol,
      HOST,
      port,
      paths.publicUrlOrPath.slice(0, -1)
    );
    // Create a webpack compiler that is configured with custom messages.
    const compiler = createCompiler({
      appName,
      config,
      urls,
      useYarn,
      useTypeScript,
      webpack,
    });
    // Load proxy config
    const proxySetting = require(paths.appPackageJson).proxy;
    const proxyConfig = prepareProxy(
      proxySetting,
      paths.appPublic,
      paths.publicUrlOrPath
    );
    // Serve webpack assets generated by the compiler over a web server.
    const serverConfig = {
      ...createDevServerConfig(proxyConfig, urls.lanUrlForConfig),
      host: HOST,
      port,
    };
    const devServer = new WebpackDevServer(serverConfig, compiler);
    // Launch WebpackDevServer.
    devServer.startCallback(() => {
      if (isInteractive) {
        clearConsole();
      }

      if (env.raw.FAST_REFRESH && semver.lt(react.version, '16.10.0')) {
        console.log(
          chalk.yellow(
            `Fast Refresh requires React 16.10 or higher. You are using React ${react.version}.`
          )
        );
      }

      console.log(chalk.cyan('Starting the development server...\n'));
      openBrowser(urls.localUrlForBrowser);
    });

    ['SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'].forEach(function (sig) {
      process.on(sig, function () {
        devServer.close();
        process.exit();
      });
    });

    if (process.env.CI !== 'true') {
      // Gracefully exit when stdin ends
      process.stdin.on('end', function () {
        devServer.close();
        process.exit();
      });
    }
  })
  .catch(err => {
    if (err && err.message) {
      console.log(err.message);
    }
    process.exit(1);
  });

 

这部分最关键的是这句：

 const devServer = new WebpackDevServer(serverConfig, compiler);
    // Launch WebpackDevServer.
    devServer.startCallback(() => {
      if (isInteractive) {
        clearConsole();
      }

就是new一个WebpackDevServer服务器，类似启动一个nginx服务器一样，启动一个web服务器。

 

总结一下npm start的引导过程：

npm start                                                                                                     shell脚本

-> ./node_modules/react-scripts/bin/react-scripts start                               还是脚本

-> ./node_modules/react-scripts/scripts/start.js                                          执行js

-> createCompiler                                                                                       创建编译对象

-> webpack(config)                                                                                     通过webpack来执行编译

-> (new WebpackDevServer (serverConfig,compiler)).startCallback         启动监听服务器