Linux下安装Python3

Linux下安装Python的状况层出不穷，慢慢查文档很多人会走弯路，下面是本人实际安装时遇到问题并解决问题的Python的安装过程

1.Python必备依赖
因为很多人安装后会出现tkinter库报错或者编译Python 时报错，所以安装以下Python必备依赖sudo apt-get gcc
sudo apt-get g++
sudo apt-get install python3-tk
sudo apt-get install tk-dev (centos下改成tk-devel)
sudo apt install tcl-dev
sudo apt install tk tcl
sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-setuptools python-pip
python-smbus
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev openssl
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev
2.解压Python本人安装包：Python-3.7.8.tgz

tar -zvxf Python-3.7.8.tgz

3.安装(1)进入python文件夹,生成编译脚本(这里没有指定安装目录):

cd Python-3.7.8
(2)编译Python
sudo ./configure
sudo make&&sudo make install

默认安装后在usr/local/bin文件夹下

3.建立Python3和pip3的软链:
本人安装后Python3.7的位置在：/usr/local/bin/python3.7
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip
##如果提示已经有Python软链接,因为这个可能有其他版本python
那么需要删除python软链接,pip软链接同理。
sudo rm /usr/bin/python
sudo rm /usr/bin/pip
删除软链接后再次执行，将python3.7及pip3.7链接到python与pip:

sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip

4.设置python环境变量：将/usr/local/bin/python3.7加入PATH

(1)打开profile

vim /etc/profile

(2)按“I”,在文件末尾贴上下面内容:
####python3.7.8 path
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin/python3.7
export PATH

(3)按ESC,输入:wq回车退出。

(4)修改完记得执行行下面的命令,让上一步的修改生效:
source /etc/profile
5.检查Python3及pip3是否正常可用:

python -V

pip -V

如果能正常输出对应的python及pip版本代表安装正常