dinic算法学习（以poj1273为例）

 Dinic 算法模板 
Dinic算法是一种比較easy实现的。相对照较快的最大流算法。
求最大流的本质，就是不停的寻找增广路径。直到找不到增广路径为止。
对于这个一般性的过程，Dinic算法的优化例如以下：


（1）Dinic算法首先对图进行一次BFS，然后在BFS生成的层次图中进行多次DFS。
层次图的意思就是，仅仅有在BFS树中深度相差1的节点才是连接的。
这就切断了原有的图中的很多不必要的连接。非常牛逼！

这是须要证明的，预计证明也非常复杂。

（2）除此之外，每次DFS完后，会找到路径中容量最小的一条边。

在这条边之前的路径的容量是大于等于这条边的容量的。
那么从这条边之前的点。可能引发出别的增广路径。
比方说 S -> b -> c -> d -> T 是一条增广路径。容量最小的边是 b -> c。

可能存在一条 S -> b -> e -> f -> g -> T 这种增广路径。
这种话，在找到第一条增广路径后，仅仅须要回溯到 b 点，就能够继续找下去了。
这样做的优点是。避免了找到一条路径就从头開始寻找另外一条的开销。

也就是再次从 S 寻找到 b 的开销。

这个过程看似复杂。可是代码实现起来非常优雅，由于它的本质就是回溯！

（3）在同一次 DFS 中。假设从一个点引发不出不论什么的增广路径。就将这个点在层次图中抹去。

Description

Every time it rains on Farmer John's fields, a pond forms over Bessie's favorite clover patch. This means that the clover is covered by water for awhile and takes quite a long time to regrow. Thus, Farmer John has built a set of drainage ditches so that Bessie's clover patch is never covered in water. Instead, the water is drained to a nearby stream. Being an ace engineer, Farmer John has also installed regulators at the beginning of each ditch, so he can control at what rate water flows into that ditch. 
Farmer John knows not only how many gallons of water each ditch can transport per minute but also the exact layout of the ditches, which feed out of the pond and into each other and stream in a potentially complex network. 
Given all this information, determine the maximum rate at which water can be transported out of the pond and into the stream. For any given ditch, water flows in only one direction, but there might be a way that water can flow in a circle. 

Input

The input includes several cases. For each case, the first line contains two space-separated integers, N (0 <= N <= 200) and M (2 <= M <= 200). N is the number of ditches that Farmer John has dug. M is the number of intersections points for those ditches. Intersection 1 is the pond. Intersection point M is the stream. Each of the following N lines contains three integers, Si, Ei, and Ci. Si and Ei (1 <= Si, Ei <= M) designate the intersections between which this ditch flows. Water will flow through this ditch from Si to Ei. Ci (0 <= Ci <= 10,000,000) is the maximum rate at which water will flow through the ditch.

Output

For each case, output a single integer, the maximum rate at which water may emptied from the pond.

Sample Input

5 4
1 2 40
1 4 20
2 4 20
2 3 30
3 4 10

Sample Output

50

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">#include"stdio.h"
#include"string.h"
#define N 605
#define min(a,b) (a<b?
a:b)
const int inf=0x7fffffff;
struct node
{
    int u,v,w,next;
}map[N*4];
int t,head[N],q[N],dis[N];
void add(int u,int v,int w)
{
    map[t].u=u;
    map[t].v=v;
    map[t].w=w;
    map[t].next=head[u];
    head[u]=t++;
}
int bfs(int s,int t)
{
    int i,x,v,l,r;
    memset(dis,0,sizeof(dis));    //节点的高度标号
    dis[s]=1;
    l=r=0;         //队列两端
    q[r++]=s;        //模拟队列
    while(l<r)
    {
        x=q[l++];
        for(i=head[x];i!=-1;i=map[i].next)
        {
            v=map[i].v;
            if(map[i].w&&!dis[v])
            {
                dis[v]=dis[x]+1;
                if(v==t)
                    return 1;
                q[r++]=v;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
int dfs(int s,int t,int lim)
{
    int i,v,tmp,cost=0;
    if(s==t)
        return lim;
    for(i=head[s];i!=-1;i=map[i].next)    //枚举该点连通的全部边
    {
        v=map[i].v;
        if(map[i].w&&dis[s]==dis[v]-1)
        {
            tmp=dfs(v,t,min(lim-cost,map[i].w));
            if(tmp>0)
            {
                map[i].w-=tmp; //利用反向边的奇偶性。添加反向边的流量
                map[i^1].w+=tmp;
                cost+=tmp;
                if(lim==cost)
                    break;
            }
            else   //在同一次 DFS 中。
假设从一个点引发不出不论什么的增广路径，就将这个点在层次图中抹去。
                dis[v]=-1;
        }
    }
    return cost;
}
void dinic(int s,int t)
{
    int ans=0;
    while(bfs(s,t))
        ans+=dfs(s,t,inf);
    printf("%d\n",ans);
}
int main()
{
    int u,v,w,n,m;
    while(~scanf("%d%d",&m,&n))
    {
        t=0;
		memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
        while(m--)
        {
            scanf("%d%d%d",&u,&v,&w);
            add(u,v,w);
            add(v,u,0);  //建边，反向边流量为零
        }
        dinic(1,n);
    }
    return 0;
}