二叉树的先序、中序、后序遍历-递归and非递归版本

 

  1 package com.gc.study.art;
  2 
  3 import java.util.ArrayList;
  4 import java.util.List;
  5 
  6 /**
  7  * 树的前序、中序、后序遍历
  8  * @author gc
  9  *      1
 10  *   2         3
 11  * 4   5  6   7
 12  * 
 13  * 先序遍历:1 2 4 5 3 6 7
 14  * 中序遍历:4 2 5 1 6 3 7
 15  * 后序遍历:4 5 2 6 7 3 1
 16  */
 17 public class TreePost {
 18     public static void main(String[] args) {
 19         TreePost tree = new TreePost();
 20 
 21         
 22         List<Integer> rs = new ArrayList<Integer>();
 23         tree.pre(tree.getRoot(), rs);
 24         System.out.println("先序遍历(递归版本):" + rs);
 25         
 26         rs.clear();
 27         tree.mid(tree.getRoot(), rs);
 28         System.out.println("中序遍历(递归版本):" + rs);
 29         rs.clear();
 30         tree.post(tree.getRoot(), rs);
 31         System.out.println("后序遍历(递归版本):" + rs);
 32         
 33         System.out.println("先序遍历:" + tree.preorderTraversal(tree.getRoot()));
 34         System.out.println("中序遍历:" + tree.inorderTraversal(tree.getRoot()));
 35         System.out.println("后序遍历:" + tree.postorderTraversal(tree.getRoot()));
 36 
 37     }
 38 
 39     /**
 40      * 构造测试数据
 41      * 
 42      * @return
 43      */
 44     public TreeNode getRoot() {
 45         TreeNode root = new TreeNode(1);
 46         root.left = new TreeNode(2);
 47         root.right = new TreeNode(3);
 48         root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
 49         root.left.right = new TreeNode(5);
 50         root.right.left = new TreeNode(6);
 51         root.right.right = new TreeNode(7);
 52         return root;
 53     }
 54 
 55     /**
 56      * 先序遍历
 57      * 思想:先左后又,左到低,右取1不丢弃,入队列时取其值(入队列的数据正好符合先序遍历)
 58      * @param root
 59      * @return
 60      */
 61     public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
 62         List<Integer> rs = new ArrayList<Integer>();
 63         if (root == null) {
 64             return rs;
 65         }
 66         List<TreeNode> nodes = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
 67         nodes.add(root);
 68         TreeNode cur = root;
 69         rs.add(cur.val);
 70         while (cur != null) {
 71             //一直遍历,直到把最左边的数据加到数组中(同时打印加入的节点)
 72             while (cur.left != null) {
 73                 nodes.add(cur.left);
 74                 cur.left = null;
 75                 cur = nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1);
 76                 rs.add(cur.val);
 77             }
 78             //将当前节点的右节点加到数组中(并且可以打印当前节点的值)
 79             if (cur.right != null) {
 80                 nodes.add(cur.right);
 81                 cur.right = null;
 82                 cur = nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1);
 83                 rs.add(cur.val);
 84             } else {
 85                 //当前节点没有右节点,直接移除
 86                 nodes.remove(cur);
 87             }
 88             
 89             cur = getLast(nodes);
 90 
 91         }
 92         return rs;
 93     }
 94 
 95     /**
 96      * 中序遍历
 97      * 思想:先左后右,左到低,右取1不丢弃,出队列时取其值(取值并移除)
 98      * @param root
 99      * @return
100      */
101     public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
102         List<Integer> rs = new ArrayList();
103         if (root == null) {
104             return rs;
105         }
106         List<TreeNode> nodes = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
107         nodes.add(root);
108         TreeNode cur = root;
109         while (cur != null) {
110             while (cur.left != null) {
111                 nodes.add(cur.left);
112                 cur.left = null;
113                 cur = getLast(nodes);
114             }
115 
116             rs.add(cur.val);
117             nodes.remove(cur);
118 
119             if (cur.right != null) {
120                 nodes.add(cur.right);
121                 cur.right = null;
122                 cur = getLast(nodes);
123             } 
124             
125             cur = getLast(nodes);
126         }
127         return rs;
128     }
129 
130     /**
131      * 迭代算法
132      * 思想:先左后右,左到低,孩子为空取其值(取值并移除)
133      * @param root
134      * @return
135      */
136     public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
137         List<Integer> rs = new ArrayList<Integer>();
138         if (root == null) {
139             return rs;
140         }
141         List<TreeNode> nodes = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
142         nodes.add(root);
143         TreeNode cur = root;
144 
145         while (cur != null) {
146 
147             while (cur.left != null) {
148                 nodes.add(cur.left);
149                 cur.left = null;
150                 cur = nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1);
151             }
152 
153             if (cur.right != null) {
154                 nodes.add(cur.right);
155                 cur.right = null;
156                 cur = nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1);
157             }
158 
159             if (cur.left == null && cur.right == null) {
160                 rs.add(cur.val);
161                 nodes.remove(cur);
162                 cur = getLast(nodes);
163             }
164 
165         }
166         return rs;
167     }
168     
169     /**
170      * 先序遍历递归版本
171      * @param node
172      * @param rs
173      */
174     public void pre(TreeNode node, List<Integer> rs) {
175         if(node == null) {
176             return;
177         }
178         rs.add(node.val);
179         pre(node.left, rs);
180         pre(node.right, rs);
181     }
182     /**
183      * 中序遍历递归版本
184      * @param node
185      * @param rs
186      */
187     public void mid(TreeNode node, List<Integer> rs) {
188         if(node == null) {
189             return;
190         }
191         mid(node.left, rs);
192         rs.add(node.val);
193         mid(node.right, rs);
194     }
195     /**
196      * 后续遍历递归版本
197      * @param node
198      * @param rs
199      */
200     public void post(TreeNode node, List<Integer> rs) {
201         if(node == null) {
202             return;
203         }
204         post(node.left, rs);
205         post(node.right, rs);
206         rs.add(node.val);
207     }
208     /**
209      * 获取上一个节点
210      * 
211      * @param nodes
212      * @return
213      */
214     private TreeNode getLast(List<TreeNode> nodes) {
215         if (nodes.size() > 0) {
216             return nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1);
217         } else {
218             return null;
219         }
220     }
221 
222     public static class TreeNode {
223         int val;
224         TreeNode left;
225         TreeNode right;
226 
227         TreeNode(int x) {
228             val = x;
229         }
230 
231         @Override
232         public String toString() {
233             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
234             return String.valueOf(val);
235         }
236     }
237 }

 

posted @ 2020-04-13 22:37  exact  阅读(193)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报