nginx中配置简介

 一、location中的root和alias区别

  •  location中root含义
location /abc/ {
    root /data/www;
}

请求http://domain/abc/123.png 请求的在服务器上真正资源地址为 /data/www/abc/123.png
注意: root 真实路径是root指定值加上location指定的值。
  •  location中alias含义  alias指定的路径是location的别名,不管location的值怎么写,资源的真实路径都是 alias 指定的路径
location /abc/ {
    alias  /data/www/;
}

请求http://domain/abc/123.png 请求的在服务器上真正资源地址为  /data/www/123.png
注意:alias真实路径是alias指定的值,不包含location指定的值了

注意:

  1. 在一个location中,alias可以存在多个,但是root只能有一个
  2. alias只能存在与location中,但是root可以用在server、http和location中
  3. alias后面值必须要“/”结束,否则会找不到文件,而root的“/”可有可无

 二、禁用成功请求的日志记录

这是一种更好的方法,因为它会丢弃带有 2xx 或 3xx 的响应查询,仅记录错误请求。它比方法 1 稍微复杂一点,因为它取决于您的 Nginx 日志记录的配置方式。

使用 Nginx 官方文档中的示例,让我们打开条件日志记录。创建一个 $loggable 的变量并将其设置为 0,用于带有 2xx 和 3xx 响应代码的日志请求,否则设置为 1,即可。然后在 access_log 指令中,将该变量作为条件引用

map $status $loggable {
    ~^[23]  0;
    default 1;
}

access_log /path/to/access.log combined if=$loggable;

 

三、nginx中的全局变量

$args, 请求中的参数;
$content_length, HTTP请求信息里的"Content-Length";
$content_type, 请求信息里的"Content-Type";
$document_root, 针对当前请求的根路径设置值;
$document_uri, 与$uri相同;
$host, 请求信息中的"Host",如果请求中没有Host行,则等于设置的服务器名;
$limit_rate, 对连接速率的限制;
$request_method, 请求的方法,比如"GET""POST"等;
$remote_addr, 客户端地址;
$remote_port, 客户端端口号;
$remote_user, 客户端用户名,认证用;
$request_filename, 当前请求的文件路径名
$request_body_file
$request_uri, 请求的URI,带查询字符串;
$query_string, 与$args相同;
$scheme, 所用的协议,比如http或者是https,比如rewrite ^(.+)$ $scheme://example.com$1 redirect;
$server_protocol, 请求的协议版本,"HTTP/1.0""HTTP/1.1";
$server_addr, 服务器地址,如果没有用listen指明服务器地址,使用这个变量将发起一次系统调用以取得地址(造成资源浪费);
$server_name, 请求到达的服务器名;
$server_port, 请求到达的服务器端口号;
$uri, 请求的URI,可能和最初的值有不同,比如经过重定向之类的。

 

Ancient_browser:[$ancient_browser]\n
 Args:[$args]\n
 Binary_remote_addr:[$binary_remote_addr]\n
 Body_bytes_sent:[$body_bytes_sent]\n
 Bytes_received:[$bytes_received]\n
 Bytes_sent:[$bytes_sent]\n
 Connection:[$connection]\n
 Connection_requests:[$connection_requests]\n
 Connections_active:[$connections_active]\n
 Connections_reading:[$connections_reading]\n
 Connections_waiting:[$connections_waiting]\n
 Connections_writing:[$connections_writing]\n
 Connection_time:[$connection_time]\n
 Content_length:[$content_length]\n
 Content_type:[$content_type]\n
 Date_gmt:[$date_gmt]\n
 Date_local:[$date_local]\n
 Document_root:[$document_root]\n
 Document_uri:[$document_uri]\n
 Fastcgi_path_info:[$fastcgi_path_info]\n
 Fastcgi_script_name:[$fastcgi_script_name]\n

 Geoip_area_code:[$geoip_area_code]\n
 Geoip_city:[$geoip_city]\n
 Geoip_city_continent_code:[$geoip_city_continent_code]\n
 Geoip_city_country_code:[$geoip_city_country_code]\n
 Geoip_city_country_code3:[$geoip_city_country_code3]\n
 Geoip_city_country_name:[$geoip_city_country_name]\n
 Geoip_country_code:[$geoip_country_code]\n
 Geoip_country_code3:[$geoip_country_code3]\n
 Geoip_country_name:[$geoip_country_name]\n
 Geoip_dma_code:[$geoip_dma_code]\n
 Geoip_latitude:[$geoip_latitude]\n
 Geoip_longitude:[$geoip_longitude]\n
 Geoip_org:[$geoip_org]\n
 Geoip_postal_code:[$geoip_postal_code]\n
 Geoip_region:[$geoip_region]\n
 Geoip_region_name:[$geoip_region_name]\n

 Gzip_ratio:[$gzip_ratio]\n
 Host:[$host]\n
 Hostname:[$hostname]\n
 Http2:[$http2]\n
 Https:[$https]\n
 Invalid_referer:[$invalid_referer]\n
 Is_args:[$is_args]\n
 Jwt_claim_:[$jwt_claim_]\n
 Jwt_header_:[$jwt_header_]\n
 Limit_conn_status:[$limit_conn_status]\n
 Limit_rate:[$limit_rate]\n
 Limit_req_status:[$limit_req_status]\n
 Memcached_key:[$memcached_key]\n
 Modern_browser:[$modern_browser]\n
 Msec:[$msec]\n
 Msie:[$msie]\n
 Nginx_version:[$nginx_version]\n
 Pid:[$pid]\n
 Pipe:[$pipe]\n
 Protocol:[$protocol]\n

 Proxy_add_x_forwarded_for:[$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for]\n
 Proxy_host:[$proxy_host]\n
 Proxy_port:[$proxy_port]\n
 Proxy_protocol_addr:[$proxy_protocol_addr]\n
 Proxy_protocol_port:[$proxy_protocol_port]\n
 Proxy_protocol_server_addr:[$proxy_protocol_server_addr]\n
 Proxy_protocol_server_port:[$proxy_protocol_server_port]\n

 Query_string:[$query_string]\n
 Realip_remote_addr:[$realip_remote_addr]\n
 Realip_remote_port:[$realip_remote_port]\n
 Realpath_root:[$realpath_root]\n
 Remote_addr:[$remote_addr]\n
 Remote_port:[$remote_port]\n
 Remote_user:[$remote_user]\n

 Request:[$request]\n
 Request_body:[$request_body]\n
 Request_body_file:[$request_body_file]\n
 Request_completion:[$request_completion]\n
 Request_filename:[$request_filename]\n
 Request_id:[$request_id]\n
 Request_length:[$request_length]\n
 Request_method:[$request_method]\n
 Request_time:[$request_time]\n
 Request_uri:[$request_uri]\n

 Scheme:[$scheme]\n
 Secure_link:[$secure_link]\n
 Secure_link_expires:[$secure_link_expires]\n
 Sent_http_:[$sent_http_]\n
 Sent_trailer_:[$sent_trailer_]\n

 Server_addr:[$server_addr]\n
 Server_name:[$server_name]\n
 Server_port:[$server_port]\n
 Server_protocol:[$server_protocol]\n
 Session_log_binary_id:[$session_log_binary_id]\n
 Session_log_id:[$session_log_id]\n
 Session_time:[$session_time]\n
 Slice_range:[$slice_range]\n

 Spdy:[$spdy]\n
 Spdy_request_priority:[$spdy_request_priority]\n

 Ssl_cipher:[$ssl_cipher]\n
 Ssl_ciphers:[$ssl_ciphers]\n
 Ssl_client_cert:[$ssl_client_cert]\n
 Ssl_client_escaped_cert:[$ssl_client_escaped_cert]\n
 Ssl_client_fingerprint:[$ssl_client_fingerprint]\n
 Ssl_client_i_dn:[$ssl_client_i_dn]\n
 Ssl_client_i_dn_legacy:[$ssl_client_i_dn_legacy]\n
 Ssl_client_raw_cert:[$ssl_client_raw_cert]\n
 Ssl_client_s_dn:[$ssl_client_s_dn]\n
 Ssl_client_s_dn_legacy:[$ssl_client_s_dn_legacy]\n
 Ssl_client_serial:[$ssl_client_serial]\n
 Ssl_client_v_end:[$ssl_client_v_end]\n
 Ssl_client_verify:[$ssl_client_verify]\n
 Ssl_client_v_remain:[$ssl_client_v_remain]\n
 Ssl_client_v_start:[$ssl_client_v_start]\n
 Ssl_curves:[$ssl_curves]\n
 Ssl_early_data:[$ssl_early_data]\n
 Ssl_preread_alpn_protocols:[$ssl_preread_alpn_protocols]\n
 Ssl_preread_protocol:[$ssl_preread_protocol]\n
 Ssl_preread_server_name:[$ssl_preread_server_name]\n
 Ssl_protocol:[$ssl_protocol]\n
 Ssl_server_name:[$ssl_server_name]\n
 Ssl_session_id:[$ssl_session_id]\n
 Ssl_session_reused:[$ssl_session_reused]\n

 Status:[$status]\n
 Tcpinfo_rcv_space:[$tcpinfo_rcv_space]\n
 Tcpinfo_rtt:[$tcpinfo_rtt]\n
 Tcpinfo_rttvar:[$tcpinfo_rttvar]\n
 Tcpinfo_snd_cwnd:[$tcpinfo_snd_cwnd]\n
 Time_iso8601:[$time_iso8601]\n
 Time_local:[$time_local]\n
 Uid_got:[$uid_got]\n
 Uid_reset:[$uid_reset]\n
 Uid_set:[$uid_set]\n

 Upstream_addr:[$upstream_addr]\n
 Upstream_bytes_received:[$upstream_bytes_received]\n
 Upstream_bytes_sent:[$upstream_bytes_sent]\n
 Upstream_cache_status:[$upstream_cache_status]\n
 Upstream_connect_time:[$upstream_connect_time]\n
 Upstream_cookie_:[$upstream_cookie_]\n
 Upstream_first_byte_time:[$upstream_first_byte_time]\n
 Upstream_header_time:[$upstream_header_time]\n
 Upstream_http_:[$upstream_http_]\n
 Upstream_queue_time:[$upstream_queue_time]\n
 Upstream_response_length:[$upstream_response_length]\n
 Upstream_response_time:[$upstream_response_time]\n
 Upstream_session_time:[$upstream_session_time]\n
 Upstream_status:[$upstream_status]\n
 
 Uri:[$uri]\n

 

参考文献:http://nginx.org/en/docs/varindex.html

 
posted @ 2021-06-03 15:11  在半空頫視地球╰☆╮  阅读(98)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报