Spark-Dependency
1、Spark中採用依赖关系(Dependency)表示rdd之间的生成关系。Spark可利用Dependency计算出失效的RDD。在每一个RDD中都存在一个依赖关系的列表
private var dependencies_ : Seq[Dependency[_]] = null
用以记录各rdd中各partition的parent partition。
2、Spark中存在两类Dependency:
1)NarrowDependency表示的是一个父partition仅相应于一个子partition。这种依赖关系是不须要shuffle的。在这类依赖中。能够依据getParents方法获取某个partition的父partitions:
/** * :: DeveloperApi :: * Base class for dependencies where each partition of the parent RDD is used by at most one * partition of the child RDD. Narrow dependencies allow for pipelined execution. */ @DeveloperApi abstract class NarrowDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T]) extends Dependency(rdd) { /** * 唯一的接口。获得该partition的全部parent partition * Get the parent partitions for a child partition. * @param partitionId a partition of the child RDD * @return the partitions of the parent RDD that the child partition depends upon */ def getParents(partitionId: Int): Seq[Int] }
这类又可分为:
a、OneToOneDependency:表示一一相应的依赖关系,因为在这样的依赖中父partition与子partition Id是一致的,所以getParents直接原样返回。相应的转换操作有map和filter
class OneToOneDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T]) extends NarrowDependency[T](rdd) { /** * 事实上partitionId就是partition在RDD中的序号, 所以假设是一一相应, 那么parent和child中的partition的序号应该是一样的 */ override def getParents(partitionId: Int) = List(partitionId)//原样返回 }
b、PruneDependency(org.apache.spark.rdd.PartitionPruningRDDPartition):未详
/** * Represents a dependency between the PartitionPruningRDD and its parent. In this * case, the child RDD contains a subset of partitions of the parents'. */ private[spark] class PruneDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T], @transient partitionFilterFunc: Int => Boolean) extends NarrowDependency[T](rdd) { @transient val partitions: Array[Partition] = rdd.partitions .filter(s => partitionFilterFunc(s.index)).zipWithIndex .map { case(split, idx) => new PartitionPruningRDDPartition(idx, split) : Partition } override def getParents(partitionId: Int) = { List(partitions(partitionId).asInstanceOf[PartitionPruningRDDPartition].parentSplit.index) } }
c、RangeDependency:这样的是父rdd的连续多个partitions相应子rdd中的连续多个partitions。相应的转换有union
/**Union * :: DeveloperApi :: * Represents a one-to-one dependency between ranges of partitions in the parent and child RDDs. * @param rdd the parent RDD * @param inStart the start of the range in the parent RDD parent RDD中区间的起始点 * @param outStart the start of the range in the child RDD child RDD中区间的起始点 * @param length the length of the range */ @DeveloperApi class RangeDependency[T](rdd: RDD[T], inStart: Int, outStart: Int, length: Int) extends NarrowDependency[T](rdd) { override def getParents(partitionId: Int) = { if (partitionId >= outStart && partitionId < outStart + length) {//推断partitionId的合理性,必须在child RDD的合理partition范围 List(partitionId - outStart + inStart)//算出parent RDD中相应的partition id } else { Nil } } }
2)WideDependency:这样的依赖是指一个父partition能够相应子rdd中多个partitions。因为须要对父partition进行划分,故须要用到shuffle,而shuffle通常是採用键值对的。
这里为每一个shuffle分配了一个全局唯一的shuffleId。
为了进行shuffle。须要指定怎样进行shuffle,这相应于參数partitioner;因为shuffle是须要网络传输的。故须要进行序列化Serializer。在宽依赖中并无法获得partition相应的parent partitions?
/** * :: DeveloperApi :: * Represents a dependency on the output of a shuffle stage. * @param rdd the parent RDD * @param partitioner partitioner used to partition the shuffle output * @param serializer [[org.apache.spark.serializer.Serializer Serializer]] to use. If set to null, * the default serializer, as specified by `spark.serializer` config option, will * be used. */ @DeveloperApi class ShuffleDependency[K, V]( @transient rdd: RDD[_ <: Product2[K, V]], val partitioner: Partitioner,//须要给出partitioner, 指示怎样完毕shuffle val serializer: Serializer = null)//shuffle不象map能够在local进行, 往往须要网络传输或存储, 所以须要serializerClass extends Dependency(rdd.asInstanceOf[RDD[Product2[K, V]]]) { val shuffleId: Int = rdd.context.newShuffleId()//每一个shuffle须要分配一个全局的id, context.newShuffleId()的实现就是把全局id累加 rdd.sparkContext.cleaner.foreach(_.registerShuffleForCleanup(this)) }
posted on 2017-04-19 11:29 gavanwanggw 阅读(398) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报