欧洲系列音频编码工程和研究音频编码学校
KTH&RWTH ： FlexCode
德国汉诺威大学：ASAC(Analysis/Synthesis Audio Coding)，也就是后来MPEG 4 Audio 里面的HLIN，主要开发者是Heiko Purnhagen
http://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/project/asac/index.php?publ=1
SiCAS(Sinusoidal Coding of Audio and Speech)：STW建立的工程，起始于1999，终止与2001，开发通用的音频编解码器，可以自适应输入参数，用户和时间变化常量。参与开发组织有，飞利浦实验室，瑞典皇家理工学院，荷兰代夫特工业大学。由荷兰科学研究组织(简称NWO)，德国史太白促进经济基金会（简称STW）支持。
ARDOR (Adaptive Rate-Distortion Optimized sound codeR)：E.U.（欧盟）建立的工程，起始于2002，终止月2005，参与研发组织，飞利浦实验室，法国电信研发中心，丹麦奥尔堡大学，德国汉诺威大学，瑞典皇家理工学院，荷兰代夫特工业大学。 E.U. 支持开发并授予代号IST-2001-34095。
测试用例：http://www.create.aau.dk/mgc/projects/gamma/
The objective was to meet the need for a universal codec as created by the emergence of time-varying heterogeneous networks and by the convergence of traditional consumer electronics with mobile communications.
http://cordis.europa.eu/search/index.cfm?fuseaction=proj.document&PJ_RCN=5519040
ASC(Adaptive Sound Coding):STW建立的工程，工程号，DET.5851。起始于2003年终止于2007年。参与开发的是荷兰代夫特工业大学。
One of the main objectives of the ASC project was to develop a universal audio codec capable of adapting to time-varying characteristics of
the input signal, user preferences, and application-imposed constraints or time-varying network-imposed constraints such as bit rate, quality, latency, bandwidth, and bit-error rate (or packet-loss rate).
http://staging.stw.di.nl/Projecten/D/det/det5851.htm
FlexCodec:European project (2006-2009)
学术机构：瑞典皇家理工学院，德国亚琛工业大学
研发人员：Bastiaan Kleijn
参与支持的企业：爱立信，Orange集团，诺基亚
工程目标：
–develop a practical, flexible, parameterized, generic speech and audio coding system with the following properties:
•instantaneous adaptation to rate, quality, and robustness requirements;
•usage of advanced perceptual error criteria;
•adaptation to channel quality: packet loss rate and bit error rate;
•embedded bit rate scalability
•reasonable computational and memory complexity.
–demonstrate practical implementations of the proposed system for two relevant service applications, using speech and audio coding
