oracle 多实例部署 

  
第一种：一个oracle数据库实例中多方案(用户)方式部署，一个应用分配一个数据库帐号（用户）。    
第二种：一个是采用多实例方式部署，一个应用一个单独实例。

两种方案各有利弊；因各开发商都说自己数据敏感，于是提出选择了多实例部署的方案，多实例的方式就是在一个oracle数据库服务器创建多个数据库实例，同时运行，应用数据库层面互不干扰。 多实例创建方式很多种，这里以两个实例为例：

(1) 一个数据库实例创建好后，再直接采用DBCA创建另一个实例，适合全新安装，比较方便快速。  
(2) 通过现有一个实例数据库克隆一个数据库实例。    
(3) 通过rman备份恢复在本机恢复一个数据库实例。

安装多实例需要注意的问题，内存占用量大，两个数据库实例都要各自分配SGA，PGA等内存，对两个实例内存的分配注意控制，以免过多分配内存对主机系统造成影响。  
本文第二种方式部署多实例，仅只做安装测试，对于sga内存分配等内容本例忽略掉了, 通过本文对数据库的物理结构进行了一次复习，该方式对11g for linux版本一样适用。

1. 数据库环境
(1) 现在一个数据库情况
操作系统版本  : OEL5.8 x64  
数据库版本    : Oracle 10.2.0.5 x64    
数据库名      : orcl    
数据库SID     : orcl    
实例名        : orcl    
数据库文件路径: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/

(2) 待克隆的数据库
数据库名      : abc  
数据库SID     : abc    
实例名        : abc    
数据库文件路径: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/    
说明：两个数据库实例采用不同目录结构与数据库名称。

 

2. 准备abc实例的目录结构
# su - oracle  
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/{adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,udump,pfile} 
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/

 

3. 准备abc实例的参数文件
通过现有orcl实例的参数文件进行修改。

$ sqlplus /nolog  
SQL> conn / as sysdba;    
SQL> create pfile from spfile;    
SQL> host cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initabc.ora    
SQL> host vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initabc.ora

#将orcl改为abc实例，注意路径是否正确。 
abc.__db_cache_size=293601280 
abc.__java_pool_size=4194304 
abc.__large_pool_size=4194304 
abc.__shared_pool_size=117440512 
abc.__streams_pool_size=0 
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/adump' 
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/bdump' 
*.compatible='10.2.0.5.0' 
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc 
/control03.ctl' 
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/cdump' 
*.db_block_size=8192 
*.db_domain='' 
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16 
*.db_name='abc' 
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' 
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648 
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=abcXDB)' 
*.job_queue_processes=10 
*.open_cursors=300 
*.pga_aggregate_target=141557760 
*.processes=150 
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' 
*.sga_target=425721856 
*.undo_management='AUTO' 
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' 
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/abc/udump'
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4. 创建控制文件SQL语句
由于控制文件中包括数据库文件位置，实例名等数据，需要重新根据新的实例名与数据文件及文件路径创建控制文件。  
根据control文件跟踪文件创建控制文件。

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;  
# 查看刚才创建的跟综文件的文件名:    
SQL> oradebug setmypid    
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name    
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_4044.trc

SQL> ! cat /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_4044.trc

# 按如下格式，如果有其它数据文件，可以按此格式加入。
CREATE CONTROLFILE set DATABASE "ABC" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

 

5. 创建密码文件
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwabc password=oracle entries=10

 

6. 多实例监听与服务名配置
(1) 添加静态监听配置,实现单IP,多实例
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora  
SID_LIST_LISTENER =    
  (SID_LIST =    
    (SID_DESC =    
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)    
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)    
      (PROGRAM = extproc)    
    )    
    (SID_DESC =    
      (SID_NAME = orcl)    
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)    
      (SID_NAME = orcl)    
    )    
    (SID_DESC =    
      (SID_NAME = abc)    
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)    
      (SID_NAME = abc)    
    )    
  )

LISTENER =  
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    
    (DESCRIPTION =    
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))    
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))    
    )    
  )

(2) 命令服务配置
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora  
ABC =    
  (DESCRIPTION =    
    (ADDRESS_LIST =    
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))    
    )    
    (CONNECT_DATA =    
      (SID = abc)    
      (SERVICE = DEDICATED)    
    )    
  )

ORCL =  
  (DESCRIPTION =    
    (ADDRESS_LIST =    
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))    
    )    
    (CONNECT_DATA =    
      (SID = orcl)    
      (SERVICE = DEDICATED)    
    )    
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =  
  (DESCRIPTION =    
    (ADDRESS_LIST =    
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))    
    )    
    (CONNECT_DATA =    
      (SID = PLSExtProc)    
      (PRESENTATION = RO)    
    )    
  )

$ lsnrctl stop  
$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14-11014 22:07:31

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production  
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora    
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log    
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))    
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))  
STATUS of the LISTENER    
------------------------    
Alias                     LISTENER    
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production    
Start Date                14-11014 22:07:31    
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec    
Trace Level               off    
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication    
SNMP                      OFF    
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora    
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log    
Listening Endpoints Summary...    
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))    
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))    
Services Summary...    
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).    
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    
Service "abc" has 1 instance(s).    
  Instance "abc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).    
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    
The command completed successfully

 

7. 拷贝orcl实例的数据文件
(1) 数据库必须在一致性状态下进行拷贝，需要关闭orcl数据库实例。
$ sqlplus / as sysdba;  
SQL> shutdown immediate;    
SQL> quit

(2) 拷贝orcl实例的所有数据文件
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/  
$ ll /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/    
total 738672    
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 Nov 14 22:12 sysaux01.dbf    
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 461381632 Nov 14 22:12 system01.dbf    
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Nov 14 22:12 temp01.dbf    
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 Nov 14 22:12 undotbs01.dbf    
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Nov 14 22:12 users01.dbf    
$

 

8. 正启开始创建abc实例
(1) 通过abc SID启动数据库
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=abc  
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14 22:18:52 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

(2) 启动abc实例到nomount状态
因为有abc实例的pfile参数文件，可以将数据库启动到nomount状态.

SQL> startup nomount;  
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  427819008 bytes  
Fixed Size                  2096792 bytes    
Variable Size             125829480 bytes    
Database Buffers          293601280 bytes    
Redo Buffers                6291456 bytes    
SQL>

(3) 在nomount状态下创建生成控制文件，手动复制粘贴上面创建的生成控制文件语句。
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE set DATABASE "ABC" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG  
    MAXLOGFILES 16    
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3    
    MAXDATAFILES 100    
    MAXINSTANCES 8    
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292    
LOGFILE    
  GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,    
  GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,    
  GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M    
-- STANDBY LOGFILE    
DATAFILE    
  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/system01.dbf',    
  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/undotbs01.dbf',    
  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/sysaux01.dbf',    
  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/users01.dbf'    
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK    
18  ;

Control file created.

SQL>    
SQL>

(4) resetlogs启动数据库
resetlogs启动数据库同时重新生成创建redo日志文件。

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

(5) 通过abc实例的pfile文件创建spfile文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

(6) 添加一个临时数据文件
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/temp01.dbf'

 

9. 更改Oracle数据库DBID
(1)在nid之前必须要shutdown immediate一次再mount状态;
SQL> shutdown immediate;  
SQL> startup mount;    
SQL> quit

(2) nid修改数据库名
[oracle@node1 ~]$ nid target=sys

DBNEWID: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 14 22:46:50 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Password:    
Connected to database ABC (DBID=1390560469)

Connected to server version 10.2.0

Control Files in database:  
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl    
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl    
    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control03.ctl

Change database ID of database ABC? (Y/[N]) => y

Proceeding with operation  
Changing database ID from 1390560469 to 1819805470    
    Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl - modified    
    Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl - modified    
    Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control03.ctl - modified    
    Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/system01.dbf - dbid changed    
    Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/undotbs01.dbf - dbid changed    
    Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/sysaux01.dbf - dbid changed    
    Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/users01.dbf - dbid changed    
    Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/temp01.dbf - dbid changed    
    Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control01.ctl - dbid changed    
    Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control02.ctl - dbid changed    
    Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abc/control03.ctl - dbid changed    
Instance shut down

(3) 验证数据库名修改，最终修改成功。
$ sqlplus /nolog  
SQL> conn / as sysdba;    
SQL> startup mount;    
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;    
SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;

      DBID NAME     
---------- ---------    
1819805470 ABC      

SQL>

 

10. 配置实例开机自启动
(1) 配置oracle开机启动，加入abc实例自启动开关项
# vi /etc/oratab    
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y    
abc:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

 

(2) 设置开机启动
# vi /etc/rc.local    
#!/bin/sh    
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"    
su - oracle -c "dbstart"

 

(3) 登录到数据库服务器上手动的启动与关闭数据库实例方法
进入orcl实例的方法；  
$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl    
$ sqlplus /nolog    
SQL> conn /as sysdba    
SQL> startup;

进入abc实例的方法；  
$ export ORACLE_SID=abc    
$ sqlplus /nolog    
SQL> conn /as sysdba    
SQL> startup

 

posted @ 2022-09-12 14:03  滴滴滴  阅读(2463)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报