Spring2.5事务配置的5种方法
前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图：
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11
12 <bean id="sessionFactory"
13 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
14 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
15 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
16 </bean>
17 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
18 <bean id="transactionManager"
19 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
20 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
21 </bean>
22
23 <!-- 配置DAO -->
24 <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
25 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
26 </bean>
27
28 <bean id="userDao"
29 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
30 <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
31 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
32 <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
33 <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
34 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
35 <property name="transactionAttributes">
36 <props>
37 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
38 </props>
39 </property>
40 </bean>
41 </beans>
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11
12 <bean id="sessionFactory"
13 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
14 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
15 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
16 </bean>
17 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
18 <bean id="transactionManager"
19 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
20 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
21 </bean>
22
23 <bean id="transactionBase"
24 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
25 lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
26 <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
27 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
28 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
29 <property name="transactionAttributes">
30 <props>
31 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
32 </props>
33 </property>
34 </bean>
35
36 <!-- 配置DAO -->
37 <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
38 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
39 </bean>
40
41 <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
42 <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
43 </bean>
44 </beans>
第三种方式：使用拦截器
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11
12 <bean id="sessionFactory"
13 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
14 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
15 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
16 </bean>
17 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
18 <bean id="transactionManager"
19 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
20 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
21 </bean>
22
23 <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
24 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
25 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
26 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
27 <property name="transactionAttributes">
28 <props>
29 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
30 </props>
31 </property>
32 </bean>
33
34 <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
35 <property name="beanNames">
36 <list>
37 <value>*Dao</value>
38 </list>
39 </property>
40 <property name="interceptorNames">
41 <list>
42 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
43 </list>
44 </property>
45 </bean>
46
47 <!-- 配置DAO -->
48 <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
49 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
50 </bean>
51 </beans>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13
14 <context:annotation-config />
15 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
16 <bean id="sessionFactory"
17 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
18 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
19 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
20 </bean>
21 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
22 <bean id="transactionManager"
23 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
24 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
25 </bean>
26 <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
27 <tx:attributes>
28 <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
29 </tx:attributes>
30 </tx:advice>
31
32 <aop:config>
33 <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
34 expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
35 <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
36 pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
37 </aop:config>
38 </beans>
第五种方式：全注解
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13
14 <context:annotation-config />
15 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
16 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
17 <bean id="sessionFactory"
18 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
19 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
20 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
21 </bean>
22 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
23 <bean id="transactionManager"
24 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
25 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
26 </bean>
27 </beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
1 package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
6 import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
8 import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
9 @Transactional
10 @Component("userDao")
11 public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
12 public List<User> listUsers() {
13 return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
14 }
15 }
