基于Telegraf+Influxdb+Grafana的监控平台介绍
我们知道这种监控平台的数据特征一般都是时间序列数据(简称 时序数据),那么相应的这些数据最好是存储在时序数据库中,目前主流的时序数据库有InfluxDB、OpenTSDB、Graphite、TimescaleDB等。其中,InfluxDB是目前监控领域使用较多的时序数据库,并且基于InfluxDB有一套完善的开源解决方案 —— TICK Stack,如下图所示:
TICK Stack 是 InfluxData 公司提供的包括采集、存储、展示及监控告警在内的一体化解决方案,包含以下 4 个核心组件:
- Telegraf:Time-Series Data Collector
- InfluxDB:Time-Series Data Storage
- Chronograf:Time-Series Data Visualization
- Kapacitor:Time-Series Data Processing
今天我们选用 TICK Stack 中的 Telegraf 与 InfluxDB,配合另一个常用的数据可视化组件 Grafana,即前文所说的 Telegraf+InfluxDB+Grafana,实现对我们大数据平台的基础指标监控,包括但不限于CPU/Mem/Net/Disk/Diskio等。接下来主要介绍下各个组件的安装部署,请阅读下文。
一、InfluxDB
InfluxDB是目前IoT监控、DevOps监控等领域最主流的开源时序数据库,属于TICK Stack的核心组件。
优点:Go语言编写,没有任何第三方依赖。
1 安装influxdb
# wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.7.7.x86_64.rpm
# yum install -y influxdb-1.7.7.x86_64.rpm
2 启动influxdb
# systemctl start influxdb
3 操作influxdb
下面演示创建一个名为“telegraf”的数据库,及名为“telegraf”的普通用户、“admin”的管理员用户:
# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.7
InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.7
> create database telegraf
> show databases
name: databases
name
----
_internal
telegraf
> create user "admin" with password 'admin' with all privileges
> create user "telegraf" with password 'telegraf'
> show users;
user admin
---- -----
telegraf false
admin true
> exit
4 查看influxdb配置
# more /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
...[data]
# The directory where the TSM storage engine stores TSM files.
dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/data"
# The directory where the TSM storage engine stores WAL files.
wal-dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/wal"
...
二、Telegraf
Telegraf 是一个插件驱动的轻量级数据采集工具,用于收集系统和服务的各项指标。支持多种输入与输出插件,其中输入端支持直接获取操作系统的各项指标数据,从第三方API获取指标数据,甚至可以通过statsd和Kafka获取指标数据;输出端可以将采集的指标发送到各种数据存储,服务或消息队列中,支持InfluxDB,Graphite,OpenTSDB,Datadog,Librato,Kafka,MQTT等。
优点:Go语言编写,没有任何第三方依赖。
1 安装Telegraf
# wget https://dl.influxdata.com/telegraf/releases/telegraf-1.11.2-1.x86_64.rpm
# yum install -y telegraf-1.11.2-1.x86_64.rpm
2 配置Telegraf,这里修改outputs.influxdb的配置项
# vi /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
[[outputs.influxdb]]
## The full HTTP or UDP URL for your InfluxDB instance.
##
## Multiple URLs can be specified for a single cluster, only ONE of the
## urls will be written to each interval.
# urls = ["unix:///var/run/influxdb.sock"]
# urls = ["udp://127.0.0.1:8089"]
urls = ["http://127.0.0.1:8086"]
## The target database for metrics; will be created as needed.
## For UDP url endpoint database needs to be configured on server side.
database = "telegraf"
## The value of this tag will be used to determine the database. If this
## tag is not set the 'database' option is used as the default.
# database_tag = ""
## If true, no CREATE DATABASE queries will be sent. Set to true when using
## Telegraf with a user without permissions to create databases or when the
## database already exists.
# skip_database_creation = false
## Name of existing retention policy to write to. Empty string writes to
## the default retention policy. Only takes effect when using HTTP.
# retention_policy = ""
## Write consistency (clusters only), can be: "any", "one", "quorum", "all".
## Only takes effect when using HTTP.
# write_consistency = "any"
## Timeout for HTTP messages.
timeout = "5s"
## HTTP Basic Auth
username = "telegraf"
password = "telegraf"
3 启动Telegraf
# systemctl start telegraf
4 查看influxdb数据
# influxConnected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.7InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.7> use telegrafUsing database telegraf> show measurementsname: measurementsname----cpudiskdiskiokernelmemprocessesswapsystem> SELECT * FROM "cpu" limit 10name: cputime cpu host usage_guest usage_guest_nice usage_idle usage_iowait usage_irq usage_nice usage_softirq usage_steal usage_system usage_user---- --- ---- ----------- ---------------- ---------- ------------ --------- ---------- ------------- ----------- ------------ ----------1563430490000000000 cpu-total ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 98.08294699768652 0 0 0 0 0 0.17541661445337134 1.74163638636498441563430490000000000 cpu0 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 98.19819820155767 0 0 0 0 0 0.2002002001582113 1.60160160126569041563430490000000000 cpu1 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 92.18436872588022 0 0 0 0 0 0.20040080159860416 7.61523046058292151563430490000000000 cpu2 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 98.99598392124761 0 0 0 0.10040160637911746 0 0.30120481914398695 0.6024096382697111563430490000000000 cpu3 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 99.29789367823233 0 0 0 0 0 0.10030090268482908 0.60180541609072981563430490000000000 cpu4 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 99.29789367796998 0 0 0 0 0 0.1003009027223065 0.60180541631559441563430490000000000 cpu5 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 98.99899898391868 0 0 0 0 0 0.20020020023286633 0.80080080093146531563430490000000000 cpu6 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 99.09909910044288 0 0 0 0 0 0.20020020023741836 0.70070070081275611563430490000000000 cpu7 ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 98.4969940029743 0 0 0 0 0 0.30060120238879307 1.20240480956428541563430500000000000 cpu-total ali-rds-kafka.novalocal 0 0 99.54954956886654 0 0 0 0.01251251251458971 0 0.10010010011870918 0.33783783789836747> exit
注意:influxdb 自1.2版本之后关闭了自带的 web 界面,安装之前的方式访问 web 界面将会报 "404 page not found",如果想用 web 界面访问influxdb,建议使用第三方工具,或者使用低版本influxdb的web界面访问。
三、Grafana
Grafana是目前比较流行的开源可视化组件,支持多种数据源,包括InfluxDB、OpenTSDB、Graphite、Prometheus、Elasticsearch等主流的时序数据库,以及MySQL、PostgreSQL等关系数据库等。
优点:Go语言编写,自带用户管理、告警等功能。
1 安装Grafana
# wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-6.2.5-1.x86_64.rpm
# yum install -y grafana-6.2.5-1.x86_64.rpm
2 启动Grafana
# systemctl start grafana-server
3 访问Grafana
Grafana的默认http端口为3000,默认管理员用户密码为admin/admin,因此访问Grafana只需访问 http://IP:3000 即可,初始访问的时候会提示修改密码。首页如下:
4 查看Grafana配置
# more /etc/grafana/grafana.ini
...
[paths]
# Path to where grafana can store temp files, sessions, and the sqlite3 db (if that is used)
;data = /var/lib/grafana
# Temporary files in `data` directory older than given duration will be removed
;temp_data_lifetime = 24h
# Directory where grafana can store logs
;logs = /var/log/grafana
...
# The http port to use
;http_port = 3000
...
5 界面配置Grafana访问influxdb
进入Grafana界面后,首先是添加数据源:Data Sources --> Add data source,这里选择influxdb作为数据源;然后是新建可视化面板:Dashboards --> Manage --> New dashboard,简单配置展示项后数据就可以展示出来了。页面操作比较简单,具体细节不多赘述,自行进一步熟悉Grafana界面即可。
至此,我们演示了相关组件的安装部署与基本使用,成功展示了采集的指标数据。本文介绍了 TICK Stack,以及基于 Telegraf+InfluxDB+Grafana的监控平台搭建。后续更多的大数据监控运维分享请关注本公众号。
—— END ——